Question 1

Which of the following surgical corrections is not correctly matched with the type of surgery performed to correct the type of aortic stenosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Supravalvular aortic stenosis - myectomy of hypertrophied ventricular septum 
B) Supravalvular aortic stenosis - patch augmentation of ascending aorta 
C) Subaortic stenosis - resection of fibrous membrane 
D) Valvular aortic stenosis - percutaneous balloon valvotomy or valve replacement

Question 2

Which complications are associated with peripheral thrombectomy?

Accepted Answer

A) Vasospasm, bleeding, hematoma formation, congestive heart failure 
B) Renal failure, rhabdomyolysis, vasospasm, hepatic damage 
C) Edema, hyperkalemia, cardiac arrhythmia, renal failure, rhabdomyolysis 
D) Vasospasm, thrombus formation, artery dissection, claudication

Question 3

Which cardiac enzyme is only found in cardiac cells and is indicative of an acute myocardial infarction when elevated?

Accepted Answer

A) Troponin 
B) CK-MA 
C) CK 
D) Myoglobin

Question 4

A patient who has hypertension is noted to have developed first degree heart block; the PR interval is 22 milliseconds. Which of the following drugs would be most likely to cause this EKG finding?

Accepted Answer

A) Losartan 
B) Metoprolol 
C) Hydrochlorothiazide 
D) Spironolactone

Question 5

A 70-year-old male patient is undergoing carotid endarterectomy. The surgeon wants to assess the patient's cerebral blood flow during the procedure. Which modalities may be used for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

A) Echocardiogram and electroencephalogram 
B) Doppler study and electroencephalogram 
C) Ultrasonography and electroencephalogram 
D) Magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram

Question 6

A girl whose mother has valvular heart disease is anxious to know if she has the disease. The diagnostic exam should look for:

Accepted Answer

A) Abnormal heart sounds such as murmur, evidence of heart failure, fluid accumulation in peripheral organs 
B) Abnormal heart sounds such as murmur, evidence of heart enlargement, fluid buildup in the lungs 
C) Abnormal heart sounds such as murmur, evidence of heart failure, evidence of calcification 
D) Abnormal heart sounds such as murmur, evidence of infection, signs of volume overload

Question 7

Which of the following statements is not true for atrial fibrillation vs. atrial flutter?

Accepted Answer

A) Atrial flutter presents with a more organized and less chaotic abnormal heartbeat, compared to atrial fibrillation 
B) In atrial flutter, the atrial rhythm is regular while in atrial fibrillation, the atrial rhythm is irregular 
C) Atrial fibrillation cannot be treated with catheter ablation 
D) Atrial flutter is not as life threatening as atrial fibrillation

Question 8

Which of the following is not a type of temporary pacing?

Accepted Answer

A) Transvenous pacing 
B) Transcutaneous pacing 
C) Transarterial pacing 
D) Epicardial pacing

Question 9

Which of the following statements is not true about the prognosis of patients suffering from intermittent claudication?

Accepted Answer

A) Approximately 1/3rd of patients with intermittent claudication tend to improve over time 
B) Approximately 1/3rd of patients remain stable 
C) Approximately 1/3rd deteriorate, mainly due to continued smoking 
D) Smoking has no relation to the prognosis of intermittent claudication

Exam 2: Problems