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Passage Living Organisms That Require Oxygen to Respire Can Build Up

Question 81

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Passage
Living organisms that require oxygen to respire can build up hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a byproduct of respiration.  Because hydrogen peroxide can cause oxidative damage to cells, the amount of H2O2 in cells must be closely regulated.  Although H2O2 decomposes spontaneously, a catalyst is needed for the reaction to occur at a sufficiently rapid rate suitable for biological purposes.  In biological systems, an enzyme called a catalase accelerates the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 into water and oxygen (Reaction 1) .
Passage Living organisms that require oxygen to respire can build up hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) as a byproduct of respiration.  Because hydrogen peroxide can cause oxidative damage to cells, the amount of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in cells must be closely regulated.  Although H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposes spontaneously, a catalyst is needed for the reaction to occur at a sufficiently rapid rate suitable for biological purposes.  In biological systems, an enzyme called a catalase accelerates the catalytic decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> into water and oxygen (Reaction 1) . <strong>Reaction 1</strong>In a laboratory setting, several different inorganic compounds can also serve as catalysts for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposition, allowing researchers to compare how different catalysts affect the efficiency of the reaction.  To compare Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> (a metal homogeneous catalyst) and NaI (a halogen homogeneous catalyst) , researchers measured the amount of heat evolved after placing each catalyst in a fresh solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide.To perform the measurements, the researchers placed 50 mL of 3% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in an insulated coffee cup to be used as a calorimeter, as shown in Figure 1.  Before adding any catalyst, the initial, baseline temperature of the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution was determined by recording the temperature every 30 seconds for 5 minutes.  Then 10 mL of 0.10 M Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub>(aq) catalyst was added to the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution.  The temperature was recorded every 30 seconds for another 15 minutes.  The experiment was then repeated using 10 mL of 0.50 M sodium iodide in 0.01 M NaOH as the catalyst.  The results for each reaction are shown in Figure 2. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  Coffee cup calorimeter <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Temperature vs. time measurements for reactions catalyzed by Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> and NaI Adapted from: C. Marzzacco, The effect of a change in catalyst on the enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Chem13 News Magazine. ©2008 University of Waterloo. -Which of the following statements explains why the change in temperature of the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposition reaction using Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> is approximately the same value as the change in temperature using NaI? A) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> stabilizes the transition state more than NaI. B) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> results in a faster reaction rate than NaI. C) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> and NaI are both homogeneous catalysts. D) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> and NaI do not affect the heat of the reaction. Reaction 1In a laboratory setting, several different inorganic compounds can also serve as catalysts for H2O2 decomposition, allowing researchers to compare how different catalysts affect the efficiency of the reaction.  To compare Fe(NO3) 3 (a metal homogeneous catalyst) and NaI (a halogen homogeneous catalyst) , researchers measured the amount of heat evolved after placing each catalyst in a fresh solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide.To perform the measurements, the researchers placed 50 mL of 3% H2O2 in an insulated coffee cup to be used as a calorimeter, as shown in Figure 1.  Before adding any catalyst, the initial, baseline temperature of the H2O2 solution was determined by recording the temperature every 30 seconds for 5 minutes.  Then 10 mL of 0.10 M Fe(NO3) 3(aq) catalyst was added to the H2O2 solution.  The temperature was recorded every 30 seconds for another 15 minutes.  The experiment was then repeated using 10 mL of 0.50 M sodium iodide in 0.01 M NaOH as the catalyst.  The results for each reaction are shown in Figure 2.
Passage Living organisms that require oxygen to respire can build up hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) as a byproduct of respiration.  Because hydrogen peroxide can cause oxidative damage to cells, the amount of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in cells must be closely regulated.  Although H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposes spontaneously, a catalyst is needed for the reaction to occur at a sufficiently rapid rate suitable for biological purposes.  In biological systems, an enzyme called a catalase accelerates the catalytic decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> into water and oxygen (Reaction 1) . <strong>Reaction 1</strong>In a laboratory setting, several different inorganic compounds can also serve as catalysts for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposition, allowing researchers to compare how different catalysts affect the efficiency of the reaction.  To compare Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> (a metal homogeneous catalyst) and NaI (a halogen homogeneous catalyst) , researchers measured the amount of heat evolved after placing each catalyst in a fresh solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide.To perform the measurements, the researchers placed 50 mL of 3% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in an insulated coffee cup to be used as a calorimeter, as shown in Figure 1.  Before adding any catalyst, the initial, baseline temperature of the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution was determined by recording the temperature every 30 seconds for 5 minutes.  Then 10 mL of 0.10 M Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub>(aq) catalyst was added to the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution.  The temperature was recorded every 30 seconds for another 15 minutes.  The experiment was then repeated using 10 mL of 0.50 M sodium iodide in 0.01 M NaOH as the catalyst.  The results for each reaction are shown in Figure 2. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  Coffee cup calorimeter <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Temperature vs. time measurements for reactions catalyzed by Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> and NaI Adapted from: C. Marzzacco, The effect of a change in catalyst on the enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Chem13 News Magazine. ©2008 University of Waterloo. -Which of the following statements explains why the change in temperature of the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposition reaction using Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> is approximately the same value as the change in temperature using NaI? A) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> stabilizes the transition state more than NaI. B) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> results in a faster reaction rate than NaI. C) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> and NaI are both homogeneous catalysts. D) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> and NaI do not affect the heat of the reaction. Figure 1  Coffee cup calorimeter
Passage Living organisms that require oxygen to respire can build up hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) as a byproduct of respiration.  Because hydrogen peroxide can cause oxidative damage to cells, the amount of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in cells must be closely regulated.  Although H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposes spontaneously, a catalyst is needed for the reaction to occur at a sufficiently rapid rate suitable for biological purposes.  In biological systems, an enzyme called a catalase accelerates the catalytic decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> into water and oxygen (Reaction 1) . <strong>Reaction 1</strong>In a laboratory setting, several different inorganic compounds can also serve as catalysts for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposition, allowing researchers to compare how different catalysts affect the efficiency of the reaction.  To compare Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> (a metal homogeneous catalyst) and NaI (a halogen homogeneous catalyst) , researchers measured the amount of heat evolved after placing each catalyst in a fresh solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide.To perform the measurements, the researchers placed 50 mL of 3% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in an insulated coffee cup to be used as a calorimeter, as shown in Figure 1.  Before adding any catalyst, the initial, baseline temperature of the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution was determined by recording the temperature every 30 seconds for 5 minutes.  Then 10 mL of 0.10 M Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub>(aq) catalyst was added to the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution.  The temperature was recorded every 30 seconds for another 15 minutes.  The experiment was then repeated using 10 mL of 0.50 M sodium iodide in 0.01 M NaOH as the catalyst.  The results for each reaction are shown in Figure 2. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  Coffee cup calorimeter <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Temperature vs. time measurements for reactions catalyzed by Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> and NaI Adapted from: C. Marzzacco, The effect of a change in catalyst on the enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Chem13 News Magazine. ©2008 University of Waterloo. -Which of the following statements explains why the change in temperature of the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposition reaction using Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> is approximately the same value as the change in temperature using NaI? A) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> stabilizes the transition state more than NaI. B) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> results in a faster reaction rate than NaI. C) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> and NaI are both homogeneous catalysts. D) Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>3</sub> and NaI do not affect the heat of the reaction. Figure 2  Temperature vs. time measurements for reactions catalyzed by Fe(NO3) 3 and NaI
Adapted from: C. Marzzacco, "The effect of a change in catalyst on the enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide." Chem13 News Magazine. ©2008 University of Waterloo.
-Which of the following statements explains why the change in temperature of the H2O2 decomposition reaction using Fe(NO3) 3 is approximately the same value as the change in temperature using NaI?


A) Fe(NO3) 3 stabilizes the transition state more than NaI.
B) Fe(NO3) 3 results in a faster reaction rate than NaI.
C) Fe(NO3) 3 and NaI are both homogeneous catalysts.
D) Fe(NO3) 3 and NaI do not affect the heat of the reaction.

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