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Passage Health Psychologists Interested in Studying the Influence of Positive and and Negative

Question 272

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Health psychologists interested in studying the influence of positive and negative thinking on weight loss conducted a study on 120 obese adults attempting to lose weight.  Participants indicated on a scale of 1 to 7 how successful they thought they would be at losing weight (1 = "not successful" and 7 = "very successful") and how much control they believed they had over their success (1 = "no control" and 7 = "complete control") , recorded as expectation of success scores and control of success scores, respectively.Participants were then randomly divided into three groups and asked to complete a 15-minute guided mental exercise twice a day for three weeks.  Participants in the fantasy/reality contrast condition were instructed to reflect on two positive aspects of a fantasized weight loss, such as attaining better health and more energy, and two negative aspects of reality that impede weight loss, such as lack of discipline and desire to eat unhealthy foods.  Participants in the positive fantasy condition were asked to reflect on four positive aspects of weight loss, and participants in the negative reality condition were asked to reflect on four factors that impede weight loss.At the end of this three-week period, participants began a three-month diet and exercise regimen involving caloric restriction to 1,500 calories per day as well as regular participation in aerobic exercise and weight training.  Researchers recorded weekly weights of participants and surveyed participants regarding adherence to proactive weight loss strategies.  The results are shown by group in Figures 1 and 2.
Passage Health psychologists interested in studying the influence of positive and negative thinking on weight loss conducted a study on 120 obese adults attempting to lose weight.  Participants indicated on a scale of 1 to 7 how successful they thought they would be at losing weight (1 = not successful and 7 = very successful ) and how much control they believed they had over their success (1 = no control and 7 = complete control ) , recorded as expectation of success scores and control of success scores, respectively.Participants were then randomly divided into three groups and asked to complete a 15-minute guided mental exercise twice a day for three weeks.  Participants in the fantasy/reality contrast condition were instructed to reflect on two positive aspects of a fantasized weight loss, such as attaining better health and more energy, and two negative aspects of reality that impede weight loss, such as lack of discipline and desire to eat unhealthy foods.  Participants in the positive fantasy condition were asked to reflect on four positive aspects of weight loss, and participants in the negative reality condition were asked to reflect on four factors that impede weight loss.At the end of this three-week period, participants began a three-month diet and exercise regimen involving caloric restriction to 1,500 calories per day as well as regular participation in aerobic exercise and weight training.  Researchers recorded weekly weights of participants and surveyed participants regarding adherence to proactive weight loss strategies.  The results are shown by group in Figures 1 and 2. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  Average weight recorded for each group during three-month follow-up <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Initial expectation of success score versus average weight loss -Which of the following participants are most likely to experience learned helplessness? A) Those who selected not successful and complete control. B) Those who selected very successful and no control. C) Those who selected very successful and complete control. D) Those who selected not successful and no control. Figure 1  Average weight recorded for each group during three-month follow-up
Passage Health psychologists interested in studying the influence of positive and negative thinking on weight loss conducted a study on 120 obese adults attempting to lose weight.  Participants indicated on a scale of 1 to 7 how successful they thought they would be at losing weight (1 = not successful and 7 = very successful ) and how much control they believed they had over their success (1 = no control and 7 = complete control ) , recorded as expectation of success scores and control of success scores, respectively.Participants were then randomly divided into three groups and asked to complete a 15-minute guided mental exercise twice a day for three weeks.  Participants in the fantasy/reality contrast condition were instructed to reflect on two positive aspects of a fantasized weight loss, such as attaining better health and more energy, and two negative aspects of reality that impede weight loss, such as lack of discipline and desire to eat unhealthy foods.  Participants in the positive fantasy condition were asked to reflect on four positive aspects of weight loss, and participants in the negative reality condition were asked to reflect on four factors that impede weight loss.At the end of this three-week period, participants began a three-month diet and exercise regimen involving caloric restriction to 1,500 calories per day as well as regular participation in aerobic exercise and weight training.  Researchers recorded weekly weights of participants and surveyed participants regarding adherence to proactive weight loss strategies.  The results are shown by group in Figures 1 and 2. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  Average weight recorded for each group during three-month follow-up <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Initial expectation of success score versus average weight loss -Which of the following participants are most likely to experience learned helplessness? A) Those who selected not successful and complete control. B) Those who selected very successful and no control. C) Those who selected very successful and complete control. D) Those who selected not successful and no control. Figure 2  Initial expectation of success score versus average weight loss
-Which of the following participants are most likely to experience learned helplessness?


A) Those who selected "not successful" and "complete control."
B) Those who selected "very successful" and "no control."
C) Those who selected "very successful" and "complete control."
D) Those who selected "not successful" and "no control."

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