Question 1

The psychological defence mechanism that protects people from anxiety by keeping anxiety-producing thoughts, feelings, memories, and impulses in the unconscious is called

Accepted Answer

A) insight 
B) rehearsal 
C) hysteria 
D) repression

Question 2

The psychological perspective that arose from the philosophical roots that emphasized free will, innate tendencies to work towards personal growth, and the attempt to find meaning in personal existence is called

Accepted Answer

A) sociocultural 
B) behavioural 
C) humanistic 
D) cognitive

Question 3

What kinds of strategies are used by test-wise students when they take tests?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What kinds of strategies are used by...

Question 4

Professor Jonas is interested in the prevention of depression in children. She examines some of the factors that can lead to depression as a result of poverty. So far she has investigated poverty in 10 different cities. This research would best be describes as

Accepted Answer

A) research looking at mental shortcuts 
B) basic research 
C) applied research 
D) a nonsystematic research approach 
E) research influenced by confirmation bias

Question 5

The sociocultural and behavioural perspectives are similar in that both emphasize

Accepted Answer

A) the importance of internal mental factors 
B) the role of the environment on the development of behaviour 
C) the effect of biological factors on behaviour 
D) the importance of innate human drives to actualize potential 
E) the importance of unconscious motivation

Question 6

When considering the mind-body puzzle, some philosophers argue that the mind is a separate entity from the body and is not subject to the same physical laws as the body. These individuals would belong to which philosophical position?

Accepted Answer

A) Monism 
B) Structuralism 
C) Mind-body dualism 
D) Functionalism

Question 7

Evidence gained through experience and observation is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) real world data 
B) empirical evidence 
C) personal evidence 
D) rational evidence

Question 8

If an individual goes to a therapist for help, how might a therapist taking a psychoanalytic perspective treat the individual compared to one taking a humanistic perspective?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an individual goes to a therapist...

Question 9

The thinking of functionalists like William James was strongly influenced by Darwin's evolutionary theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The specialty area in psychology that focuses on the study of nonhuman species in natural and laboratory environments is

Accepted Answer

A) comparative psychology 
B) behavioural psychology 
C) cross-cultural psychology 
D) cognitive psychology

Question 11

How does the humanistic conception of human nature and motivation differ from that advanced by psychoanalysis and behaviourism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the humanistic conception of human...

Question 12

Professor B is interested in studying bullying. She studies this in the lab by looking at dominance rankings in mouse colonies. This type of research would be best described as

Accepted Answer

A) applied 
B) basic 
C) clinical 
D) developmental 
E) experimental

Question 13

A psychology student grew up in a supportive environment because of which a positive person from within the student has emerged. This has motivated him to reach full potential, known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem 
B) self-awareness 
C) self-image 
D) self-actualization

Question 14

Senara is conducting a study on how stress can influence problem-solving by manipulating the amount of time and the level of difficulty of the problems to solve. Which perspective is Senara taking to the study of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychodynamic 
B) Behaviourist 
C) Cognitive 
D) Humanist

Question 15

William is interested in understanding how memory works. Specifically, he is fascinated by the fact that we seem to have so much difficulty remembering things that we intend to (e.g. material we're studying for an exam), while at other times seem unable to forget things that we have no intention of remembering and indeed may actually prefer to forget (e.g. past failures). He decides to join a lab at his University that studies memory to explore this interest. He discovers that several labs are studying memory, yet each one is approaching the topic slightly differently. One of the labs is studying memory from the environmental level of analysis. Which of these factors would that lab be most likely to investigate?

Accepted Answer

A) unconscious conflicts that may be impairing memory 
B) history of neurological problems that run in families 
C) the role negative thinking can play in impairing memory 
D) neurotransmitter activity 
E) The way that being in certain familiar places can remind you of certain memories, which may be more difficult to recall while away from those familiar places.

Question 16

Kozue was raised in a family where her sense of self was defined relative to the various groups of which she was a member, such as her family and her class at school. Kozue learned that the goals of these groups were more important than any of the individual goals of people in these groups. The values emphasized by Kozue's family are most consistent with

Accepted Answer

A) collectivism 
B) structuralism 
C) individualism 
D) functionalism

Question 17

With regard to human nature, which psychological perspective listed below takes the most deterministic view of human behaviour and assumes that our behaviours are mostly shaped by inner forces and conflicts?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychodynamic 
B) Cognitive 
C) Humanistic 
D) Structuralism

Question 18

According to the text, in order to obtain a complete understanding of behaviour we need to

Accepted Answer

A) move back and forth between different levels of analysis 
B) focus our attention on the environmental and biological levels of analysis 
C) focus our attention on the psychological level of analysis 
D) pick one of the three levels of analysis and apply it rigorously and thoroughly

Question 19

Dr. Dinh is examining the differences in brain activity that occur when people are happy or sad in an attempt to gain a better understanding of how the mind works. In terms of the mind-body problem, which of the following statements about Dr. Dinh is MOST likely to be true? Mr. Dinh is

Accepted Answer

A) most likely a monist 
B) most likely a dualist 
C) equally likely to be either a monist or a dualist given the work that she is doing 
D) NOT likely to be a monist or a dualist since neither of these terms has relevance to her work

Question 20

Wilhelm Wundt is to ______________ as William James is to ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) functionalism; structuralism 
B) structuralism; functionalism 
C) dualism; functionalism 
D) structuralism; dualism

Exam 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour