Question 1

A person associated with the behavioural perspective would be most likely to mention the role of which of the following when attempting to explain the causes of depression?

Accepted Answer

A) Negative or pessimistic patterns of thinking. 
B) Depressive personalities 
C) Non-rewarding environments 
D) Chemical imbalances in neurotransmitters

Question 2

You are about to start a co-op placement with an independent consumer electronics retailer to find ways to improve the experience of their customers. They ask you to design some surveys that will assess what thoughts customers have about their shopping experience in the store as it currently is for the ultimate purpose of understanding how they may be able to rearrange the store to improve the shopping experience. Their primary concern is therefore finding evidence-based recommendations to increase customer satisfaction so as to bring people into the store more often. What major category of research would this be considered to fall under?

Accepted Answer

A) real-world 
B) basic research 
C) advanced research 
D) applied research 
E) commercial research

Question 3

Individuals aligned with the ______________ approach used the method known as introspection in order to study _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) functionalism; the functions of consciousness 
B) structuralism; human sensations 
C) Gestalt psychology; how experiences are organized into wholes 
D) evolutionary psychology; natural selection

Question 4

In psychology, the behavioural perspective was influenced by which philosophical perspective?

Accepted Answer

A) British empiricism 
B) Structuralism 
C) Functionalism 
D) Dualism

Question 5

Your best friend is having trouble dating. You suspect that the problem stems from his lack of a positive self image. Which of the following perspectives reflect your suspicion?

Accepted Answer

A) Cognitive 
B) Biological 
C) Behavioural 
D) Psychoanalytic 
E) Humanistic

Question 6

You are about to start a co-op placement with an independent consumer electronics retailer to find ways to improve the experience of their customers. They ask you to design some surveys that will assess what thoughts customers have about their shopping experience in the store as it currently is for the ultimate purpose of understanding how they may be able to rearrange the store to improve the shopping experience. Their primary concern is therefore finding evidence-based recommendations to increase customer satisfaction so as to bring people into the store more often. Which of the four goals of psychology is this study ultimately designed to address?

Accepted Answer

A) describe 
B) explain and understand 
C) integrate 
D) predict 
E) influence or control

Question 7

Explain the five steps involved in critically evaluating a research claim.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the five steps involved in critically...

Question 8

What is the conception of human nature advanced by the cognitive perspective?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the conception of human nature...

Question 9

Positive psychology is an outgrowth from which perspective?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychodynamic 
B) Sociocultural 
C) Cognitive 
D) Humanist

Question 10

When deconstructing a disorder such as depression, the presence or strength of one factor influences the effects of other factors. This presence of one factor influencing the effect of another factor is called an

Accepted Answer

A) association 
B) interassociation 
C) interaction 
D) interrelation

Question 11

A psychologist who emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and unconscious factors would likely be associated with the cognitive-behaviourism psychological perspective.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In the Tchambuli tribe from New Guinea, women are more assertive and are responsible for obtaining the tribe's food, while the men usually spend their days working on their art and talking about the women. According to researchers taking a cultural psychology approach, this reversal of the typical western gender roles is

Accepted Answer

A) due to the unusual genetic makeup of the people in this tribe 
B) a product of their unique cultural expectations and learning experiences 
C) due to the tribe's environment 
D) a product of this tribe's lack of awareness of Western culture

Question 13

An individual is working with a psychologist who pays a great deal of attention to how the psychologist finds personal meaning in life. The psychologist also focuses on the power of choice and free will. This psychologist most likely adheres to which psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

A) Behavioural 
B) Psychodynamic 
C) Humanistic 
D) Biological

Question 14

Which approach to psychology is concerned with how elements of experience are organized into wholes?

Accepted Answer

A) Structuralism 
B) Sociobiology 
C) Functionalism 
D) Gestalt psychology

Question 15

John Locke subscribed to which of the following philosophical perspectives?

Accepted Answer

A) Functionalism 
B) Structuralism 
C) British empiricism 
D) Dualism

Question 16

Research on memory processes shows us that when tested on a recently learned word list, the majority of people will recall the words at the end of the list at a higher rate than the words in the middle of the list. This "recency effect" can be eliminated by involving the participants in a task that stops them from rehearsing the words. Using this principle, before Dr. Brown gives an exam, she asks that all books and notes be put away and then takes time to prevent the "recency effect" by giving the instructions for the exam, the grading procedures, and next week's lesson topic before allowing students to begin the exam. In this case, Dr. Brown is

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the chance that students will cheat 
B) relying on students' short-term memory to help them out 
C) applying basic research principles in her course 
D) collecting applied research data in her class

Question 17

Although psychology courses have been taught in Canada since the early 1900s, the earliest independent Psychology Department at a Canadian university was not created until 1924 at McGill University.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In response to the psychodynamic and behavioural perspectives, the humanistic movement believes that

Accepted Answer

A) personality development is controlled by the individual 
B) personality development is not controlled by the individual 
C) personality development cannot be influenced by the environment or early childhood experiences 
D) personality development characteristics are predetermined

Question 19

What technique did Sigmund Freud use to treat his patients?

Accepted Answer

A) Free association 
B) Graded exposure 
C) Introspection 
D) Flooding

Question 20

Which of the following activities best represents basic research; studying?

Accepted Answer

A) Methods for reducing depression after the death of a loved one 
B) Changes in brain chemistry that are associated with depression 
C) How to help AIDS victims effectively cope with their disease 
D) The effects of a reading program designed to assist disadvantaged children

Exam 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour