Question 1

Hans Eysenck's two-factor model of personality is unique compared to other trait models in that it

Accepted Answer

A) is derived from the use of both factor analysis and intuition 
B) has been found to predict specific behaviours even better than more narrow trait measures 
C) is the only model that includes extraversion and neuroticism 
D) postulates a possible biological basis for his traits

Question 2

Psychoanalysts generally agree that the primary defence mechanism utilized by the ego to control the anxiety-generating urges created by the id is the

Accepted Answer

A) sublimation 
B) denial 
C) repression 
D) reaction formation

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of personality according to the five-factor model?

Accepted Answer

A) Extroversion 
B) Agreeableness 
C) Openness to experience 
D) Self-control

Question 4

What does Bandura mean by human agency? What are the four components of human agency?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does Bandura mean by human agency?...

Question 5

One of the primary drawbacks of psychoanalytic theory is that

Accepted Answer

A) none of Sigmund Freud's propositions have held up under research 
B) it is so comprehensive that it is hard to test specific predictions 
C) it is so limited in details that it doesn't explain enough 
D) it failed to stimulate future research

Question 6

You are having a discussion with a therapist, but you're not sure what kind of therapist she is. You suspect that she is a follower of Jung's analytic psychology. If you're right, she would probably use all of the following phrases EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) personal unconscious 
B) collective unconscious 
C) personal constructs 
D) archetypes 
E) the good mother

Question 7

A person from a collectivistic culture would most likely mention which of the following when asked to list his or her important personal attributes?

Accepted Answer

A) I am smart. 
B) I am athletic. 
C) I am a student. 
D) I am funny.

Question 8

On one of your initial visits to your Freudian psychologist, you are asked to respond to a personality test. Most likely, you received the

Accepted Answer

A) Rorschach inkblot test 
B) NEO-PI 
C) extraversion-stability test 
D) 16PF 
E) MMPI-2

Question 9

Casandra does not exercise regularly and is not doing as well in university as her friends. She gives in to powerful people and is at risk for depression. All else being equal, we would predict the Casandra has

Accepted Answer

A) an external locus of control 
B) an internal locus of control 
C) high self-efficacy 
D) a low score on extraversion 
E) only a few of Cattell's 16 traits

Question 10

Frasier is anxious and upset to learn his employer is restructuring and will not be renewing his contract. In the weeks that follow, now unemployed, he begins telling people that losing his job was the best thing that ever happened to him and he's actually happy about it. He claims that he can now finally pursue all of his interests. He begins many large-scale projects that occupy all of his free time. What concept would Freud suggest is relevant for understanding why Frasier says he is happy about losing his job?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive dissonance 
B) rationalization 
C) catharsis 
D) objectification 
E) ego death

Question 11

Describe Rotter's concept of locus of control and how it affects behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Rotter's concept of locus of control...

Question 12

Research indicates that broad traits may be able to predict behaviour across a range of situations, and that _______________ may better predict behaviour in specific situations.

Accepted Answer

A) narrow traits 
B) higher-order factors 
C) secondary traits 
D) primary dimensions

Question 13

You decide to go to out for dinner with your friend and he randomly chooses a restaurant nearby to try. The food was great and your friend comments on how good he is at choosing restaurants because he 'knows what to look for'. In other words, he is trying to take credit for something (the decision to eat at that particular restaurant) that has nothing to do with his abilities or effort (because he chose to eat there randomly). What does your friend's behaviour demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A) self-verification 
B) self-actualization 
C) an internal locus of control 
D) self-efficacy 
E) self-enhancement

Question 14

Each time a student scores low on tests, the student blames the professor for giving difficult questions, or too little time to finish the questions. Clearly, this student has a(n) ___________ locus of control.

Accepted Answer

A) internal 
B) external 
C) dispositional 
D) situational

Question 15

You are interested in studying "object relations." Your approach to the study of personality is consistent with which of the following perspectives?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychodynamic 
B) Humanistic 
C) Cognitive 
D) Behavioural 
E) Biological

Question 16

Consider the following statement: The average citizen can have an influence in government decisions. Whether or not a person agrees or disagrees with this statement would provide information most relevant to which psychological concept?

Accepted Answer

A) self-verification 
B) self-enhancement 
C) extraversion 
D) internal-external locus of control

Question 17

When the erogenous zones associated with various psychosexual stages are exposed to deprivations or overindulgences, a state of arrested development may occur that psychoanalytic theorists call

Accepted Answer

A) compulsion 
B) fixation 
C) obsession 
D) repression

Question 18

You are a candidate for a new position at Ford Canada. During your job interview, you are asked to take a personality test. Most likely, you will fill out the

Accepted Answer

A) Rorschach inkblot test 
B) TAT 
C) extraversion-stability test 
D) 16-PF 
E) MMPI-2

Question 19

The ego and superego are similar in that both

Accepted Answer

A) are governed by the reality principle 
B) strive to control the impulses of the id 
C) are shaped through the process of identification 
D) function primarily at the preconscious level of mind

Question 20

On Randy's 11th birthday, his grandmother asks him whether or not he remembers the cake he had last year on his 10th birthday. Although Randy was not thinking about last year's cake when his grandmother asked the question, he was easily able to recall the cake at his party last year. In this case, the memory of the cake from his 10thbirthday moved from his _____________ to his ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) unconscious; conscious 
B) preconscious; conscious 
C) unconscious; preconscious 
D) preconscious; preconscious

Exam 14: Personality