Question 1

Fozzie and Waldorf have been friends for a long time. While they've always had some things in common, there is also lots that is different about them. One of those differences is how sociable they tend to be. Fozzie is always looking for things to do with other people, whereas Waldorf tends to prefer spending more time by himself. Fozzie would be considered high on extraversion. If we wanted to more fully characterize these two individuals according to Eysenck's original theory designed to explain personality, in addition to extraversion, what would we need to measure?

Accepted Answer

A) stability 
B) introversion 
C) openness 
D) neuroticism 
E) compassion

Question 2

Gene has just been diagnosed with terminal cancer. When he describes the diagnosis to his wife, he speaks unemotionally about the type of cellular mechanisms involved in the cancer. He is likely using the ____________ defense mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) denial 
B) reaction formation 
C) intellectualization 
D) displacement

Question 3

"In different situations and with different people, I often act like very different persons." This person would be considered

Accepted Answer

A) attentive to internal beliefs 
B) an extravert 
C) agreeable 
D) a fairly stable personality 
E) a high in self-monitoring

Question 4

Juan and Emile are in a relationship. Emile feels that she has to be smart in order for Juan to be pleased with her. Sometimes she wishes that Juan would just love her for who she is. According to Carl Rogers and his theory of the self, Emile is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A) conditions of worth 
B) unconditional positive regard 
C) self-enhancement 
D) conditional positive regard 
E) high congruence

Question 5

Frasier is anxious and upset to learn his employer is restructuring and will not be renewing his contract. In the weeks that follow, now unemployed, he begins telling people that losing his job was the best thing that ever happened to him and he's actually happy about it. He claims that he can now finally pursue all of his interests. He begins many large-scale projects that occupy all of his free time. What concept would Freud suggest is relevant for understanding why Frasier is starting so many large-scale projects?

Accepted Answer

A) abstraction 
B) social norms 
C) rejection 
D) sublimation 
E) catharsis

Question 6

Although an interview has limitations about personality assessment, a good interviewer

Accepted Answer

A) will limit their attention to what the interviewee says 
B) will try to create a difficult atmosphere 
C) will conduct an unstructured interview 
D) will not observe nonverbal behaviour 
E) will note general appearance and voice and speech patterns

Question 7

Selma's teachers believe she may be struggling with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), so her mother, father, and teachers are all asked to meet with the school psychologist to answer the same set of specific questions. Based on this information, the school psychologist is using a _______________ as part of the assessment.

Accepted Answer

A) projective instrument 
B) structured interview 
C) personality test 
D) behavioural assessment 
E) subliminal prime

Question 8

Researchers can collect samples of behaviour from people as they live their normal daily lives with a personality assessment tool known as ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) behavioural assessment 
B) an interview 
C) remote behaviour sampling 
D) a portable projective test

Question 9

You want to do better in school. Which of the following would likely help the most? Set a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) general goal for simply "doing better" 
B) goal for studying more hours instead of goals for grades 
C) number of hours for studying that will be easy to achieve 
D) punishment for not going better

Question 10

You just stole a cookie and now you feel guilty. According to Freud, this reflects the action of the

Accepted Answer

A) id 
B) superego 
C) ego 
D) self-concept 
E) archetype

Question 11

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory appears to have been heavily influenced by the ____________ models of his time.

Accepted Answer

A) chemical 
B) social 
C) evolutionary 
D) hydraulic

Question 12

Cerys has read all the books on mythology in his school's library and he has become intrigued by how the stories all seem to have similar elements and themes. In each story there is a hero and a villain, a damsel in distress, a wise old man or woman to guide the hero, and a funny sidekick. Jung would tell Cerys that the commonalities are there because the stories' creators were all tapping the

Accepted Answer

A) collective unconscious. 
B) personal fable. 
C) imaginary audience. 
D) personal unconscious. 
E) preconscious.

Question 13

How does the distinction between explaining behaviour and describing behaviour apply to trait theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the distinction between explaining behaviour...

Question 14

Sally tends to be shy when she is in class, when she is with friends in her dorm, and also when she is home with her family. This example best demonstrates one of the factors that shapes our notions of personality called the concept of behavioural _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) consistency 
B) validity 
C) internalization 
D) individuality

Question 15

A researcher who is interested in social cognitive theories of personality is likely to use which of the following personality assessment methods?

Accepted Answer

A) Behavioural assessments 
B) Projective tests 
C) Interviews 
D) Personality scales

Question 16

Zhang Wei often acts very differently depending on who he is with and the situation he is in. We would expect Zhang Wei to be

Accepted Answer

A) attentive to internal beliefs 
B) high in self-monitoring 
C) agreeable 
D) low in Openness 
E) low in stability

Question 17

All of the following are components of the cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS) model of personality, EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

A) encoding strategies 
B) goals 
C) locus of control 
D) expectancies and beliefs

Question 18

You believe that a person you know is an extreme extrovert. According to Eysenck's approach to personality traits and biological factors, which of the following would support your belief?

Accepted Answer

A) Look for evidence that their cortex is underaroused 
B) Look for evidence that their cortex is overaroused 
C) See if they score high on neuroticism 
D) Look for high activity in the amygdala 
E) Look for low activity in the amygdala

Question 19

Describe the roles of self-consistency and congruence in Rogers's self theory. How do these concepts relate to adjustment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the roles of self-consistency and congruence...

Question 20

What defense mechanism is the student using when he cheats on an exam saying that all other students were cheating too?

Accepted Answer

A) denial 
B) projection 
C) rationalization 
D) reaction formation

Exam 14: Personality