Question 1

Peterson et al. (1988) presented evidence for a link between pessimism and _____.

Accepted Answer

A) increased wealth 
B) increased illness and mortality 
C) decreased anger 
D) decreased cognitive function 
E) increased anger

Question 2

Multimodal treatments often include ___________ measures, together with ___________ measures.

Accepted Answer

A) biological; psychological 
B) sociological; psychological 
C) medical; sociological 
D) medical; psychological

Question 3

You are faced with a pretty serious stressor. Fortunately, you have a lot of friends. Among other things, your social support network should

Accepted Answer

A) alter the activity of your amygdala and prefrontal cortex 
B) reduce your neuroticism 
C) increase your antigen count 
D) decrease your hardiness 
E) increase your pessimism

Question 4

In the treatment of substance abuse, the method in which the goal is not necessarily to stop the drug-taking behaviour, but to eliminate the dangerous behaviours that coincide with the drug-taking behaviour, is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) behavioural intervention 
B) relapse reduction 
C) harm reduction 
D) problem-focused coping skills 
E) behavioural allowance

Question 5

Many personality factors are involved in coping with stress. All of the following have been shown to play a role EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) neuroticism 
B) hardiness 
C) optimism 
D) self-monitoring 
E) coping self efficacy

Question 6

Which of the following statements would be most typical of someone in the preparation stage of change?

Accepted Answer

A) "Problem? What problem? I don't have a problem." 
B) "All right! I'm actually taking steps to change this problematic behaviour." 
C) "I know that my behaviour is problematic, but I'm just not ready to change it yet." 
D) "I'm going to do something about this problem, starting first thing next week."

Question 7

Which of the following is a behavioural risk factor for four of the top five leading causes of death in North America (i.e., excludes accidental injuries)?

Accepted Answer

A) Obesity 
B) Environmental exposure 
C) Dietary intake 
D) Tobacco

Question 8

Which of these suggestions will you NOT give to Peter, to help him maintain and enhance personal happiness?

Accepted Answer

A) Develop close relationships 
B) Reach out to those who are less fortunate 
C) Seek meaning and challenge in work 
D) Do not waste time on enjoyable activities

Question 9

Catherine has wanted to lose weight for several years. Last week she read the recent literature about obesity and health risks and decided she better get going. Today she went to the market and bought only healthy foods and then she made herself her favourite dinner of fried chicken, biscuits, and gravy, knowing she would not be eating these things in the future. According to the transtheoretical model of behaviour change, Catherine is in the ____________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) maintenance 
B) contemplation 
C) preparation 
D) termination

Question 10

Current estimates indicate that, worldwide, AIDS occurs in __________ of homosexual men.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 to 10 percent 
B) 20 to 25 percent 
C) 50 to 60 percent 
D) 75 to 85 percent

Question 11

Bob and Sara are both confronted with the same stressor: a loud and obnoxious roommate who lives just down the hall. Research suggests that Bob and Sara will deal with this problem differently. Bob will be more likely to confront the person to deal with this problem, while Sara will probably ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) talk to her friends about it 
B) use avoidance or denial 
C) ask someone to confront the person 
D) do nothing about it

Question 12

In a 30-year study of children who have experienced traumatic events, one factor that appeared to be common to all children who survived and thrived in very difficult situations was having ________.

Accepted Answer

A) at least one person who believed in them and provided social support 
B) a very strong and resilient immune system 
C) a strong, optimistic personality type 
D) learned both problem- and emotion-focused coping skills at a young age

Question 13

Inga and Neil are scheduled to move into their new house tomorrow, but their realtor calls to tell them that the previous owners turned off the heat, which caused several of the water pipes to burst. Since the house is temporarily uninhabitable, Inga and Neil decide that they can put their belongings in storage and stay with Neil's parents while the repairs are made. They ask the realtor to arrange repairs at the previous owner's expense. Though they are disappointed that they won't be able to entertain for the holidays, they know they will be able to do it next year. By assessing their resources to cope with the situation, Neil and Inga have engaged in a

Accepted Answer

A) primary appraisal. 
B) secondary appraisal. 
C) behavioural assessment. 
D) fixation. 
E) life event scale.

Question 14

Roeser et al. (2013) conducted a study in which mindfulness training was provided to teachers over an eight-week period. What were the results immediately after completing training?

Accepted Answer

A) The teachers reported fewer symptoms of both anxiety and depression. 
B) The teachers reported fewer symptoms of both depression and anxiety, and a decrease in self-reported job stress. 
C) The teachers reported fewer symptoms of anxiety. 
D) The teachers reported fewer symptoms of depression. 
E) The teachers reported a decrease in self-reported job stress.

Question 15

A professional is in a high-stress job to which they are very committed. The professional has control over outcomes, and is not threatened by demanding situations. The professional can be termed as a(n) ___________ person.

Accepted Answer

A) optimistic 
B) hardy 
C) religious 
D) sturdy

Question 16

Jessie has had a problem with cocaine. He went to rehab and stopped taking the drug, but following a particularly stressful event he relapsed and started using coke again. According to the text, a critical process resulting in this relapse probably was

Accepted Answer

A) a multimodal treatment 
B) the abstinence violation effect 
C) a yo-yo drug usage 
D) the termination response 
E) the negative approach effect

Question 17

Norm and Cliff have both recently been through relationship break ups. Norm decides to go to his favourite bar and talk with his friends about what's been happening. Cliff, on the other hand, decides to go home and meditate in order to deal with his negative feelings. Based on the information provided, we would say that Norm is involved in seeking social support, while Cliff is involved in ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) emotion-focused coping 
B) problem-focused coping 
C) seeking psychological support 
D) social-focused coping

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding relapse is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Relapse is a substantial problem for both smokers and alcoholics. 
B) Relapse is a substantial problem for smokers but not alcoholics. 
C) Relapse is a substantial problem for alcoholics but not smokers. 
D) Relapse is not a substantial problem for either smokers or alcoholics.

Question 19

The appraisal of the nature and demands of a situation is to primary appraisal as the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) appraisal of personal meaning is to antecedent stimuli 
B) judgements of what the consequences of a situation could be are to secondary appraisal 
C) appraisal of personal meaning is to consequences 
D) appraisal of the resources available to cope with a situation is to secondary appraisal

Question 20

Your mother used to be addicted to Twinkies but gave them up years ago because she decided they were too unhealthy. Now she can't imagine eating Twinkies again. She is in the _____________ stage of the transtheoretical model.

Accepted Answer

A) contemplation 
B) action 
C) maintenance 
D) termination

Exam 15: Stress, Coping, and Health