Question 1

When Clay's father was diagnosed with lung cancer, Clay decided to quit smoking. Despite throwing out his cigarette packs and lighters, joining a smoking-cessation support group, and saving the money he might otherwise have spent on cigarettes is helping, Clay is still smoking cigarettes he bums from friends. Though he gives up trying to quit for a while, he decides to try visits to his physician to get some additional help. His doctor prescribes an antidepressant called Zyban that helps some people quit and encourages Clay to start individual therapy. In therapy, Clay can learn how to deal with situations that trigger his need to smoke and develop self-monitoring and stress-management techniques. By adding these approaches, called _____________, Clay will have a more powerful behaviour-change package.

Accepted Answer

A) transtheoretical investments 
B) multimodal treatments 
C) motivational interventions 
D) contemplative conduits 
E) harm-reduction

Question 2

Which of the following is the most important predictor of physical health for people with Type A personality?

Accepted Answer

A) Time urgency 
B) Ambition 
C) Negative emotions 
D) Making lists

Question 3

A person appraises a potential stressor as benign, neutral, or threatening in the ______________ appraisal stage.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) interactive 
D) emotional

Question 4

Describe the transtheoretical model and the rationale for stage-matched interventions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the transtheoretical model and the rationale...

Question 5

During a week of final exams, one of your friends comes up to you and says, "I'm so worked up this week. I've been so worried, tense, and strung out that I've really lost it!" Statements like these are most consistent with the definition of stress as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus 
B) transaction 
C) response 
D) interaction

Question 6

Work with nonhuman primates has found that mild early life stress _________ emotional, cognitive, and hormonal resistance to stressors later in life.

Accepted Answer

A) decreases 
B) strengthens 
C) impairs 
D) has no effect on

Question 7

Aerobic exercise was specifically mentioned as one of the behaviours that can decrease negative health risks of

Accepted Answer

A) alcoholism 
B) smoking 
C) yo-yo dieting 
D) a sedentary lifestyle

Question 8

General adaptation syndrome is defined as a pattern of cognitive appraisals, physiological responses, and behavioural tendencies that occur in response to a perceived imbalance between situational demands and the resources needed to cope with them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Motivational interviewing has been highly successful for people in decreasing unwanted behaviours. Which of the following is NOT part of the motivational interview process?

Accepted Answer

A) Confronting the person with his or her problem 
B) Focusing on discrepancies between the current state and the ideal state 
C) Helping to set specific goals 
D) Feedback and support for the person's efforts

Question 10

What are some different types of stressors? How do researchers measure stressful life events?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some different types of stressors?...

Question 11

Your upcoming surgery makes you very nervous. You decide to spend time with your friends before the surgery and make sure your parents are there when you come out of surgery. Your behaviour would be an example of which coping strategy?

Accepted Answer

A) Emotion-focused coping 
B) Problem-focused coping 
C) Seeking social support 
D) Demand-focused coping

Question 12

Kelly enrolled in a foreign language course this term and is about to take the final oral examination for the course. Kelly is feeling worried about the examination and believes "If I don't get an 'A' on this exam it will show that I'm always going to be a complete failure at everything." Kelly's belief best represents

Accepted Answer

A) a secondary appraisal of the resources available to cope with the examination 
B) a cognitive appraisal of the implications of the outcome of the examination 
C) a cognitive appraisal of what the consequences of the examination could be 
D) a primary appraisal of the demands of the examination

Question 13

Which of the following lists the six stages of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change in the proper order?

Accepted Answer

A) Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, maintenance, action, and termination 
B) Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination 
C) Precontemplation, preparation, contemplation, action, maintenance, and termination 
D) Precontemplation, preparation, contemplation, maintenance, action, and termination

Question 14

As you encounter a stressor in the environment, you experience an increase in cortisol. Which of the following stages of the general adaption syndrome (GAS) have you entered?

Accepted Answer

A) Alarm 
B) Resistance 
C) Exhaustion 
D) Rebound 
E) Appraisal

Question 15

Researchers frequently observed significant associations between stress and psychological well-being, but it is difficult to determine which factor causes the other or if they are both influenced by some unmeasured third factor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Multimodal treatment approaches to treating substance abuse include all of the following measures EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) aversion therapy 
B) relaxation training 
C) avoiding the use of other drugs (e.g., nicotine patch) 
D) family counselling 
E) positive reinforcement

Question 17

What four types of information increase coping self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What four types of information increase coping...

Question 18

Greater social support appears to be associated with fewer health problems because it affects ________.

Accepted Answer

A) appraisals of stress consequences 
B) exposure to stress 
C) the immune system response 
D) optimism or pessimism

Question 19

A study that followed 17,000 Harvard undergraduates into middle age revealed that the death rates were ___________ lower among moderate exercisers than among those in a less active group of the same age.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 to 10% 
B) 10 to 15% 
C) 15 to 20% 
D) 25 to 33%

Question 20

The transactional definition of stress asserts that stress is the product of cognitive, physiological, and behavioural responses that are evoked when there is a perceived imbalance between

Accepted Answer

A) situational demands and personal resources 
B) internal and external eliciting stimuli 
C) expressive and instrumental behaviours 
D) primary appraisals and situational demands

Exam 15: Stress, Coping, and Health