Question 1

Figure 22.2
The distribution of pocket- mouse coat colours in several Arizona populations is associated with substrate colour Some populations live on light- coloured granite substrate, and others live on dark volcanic rock. In Figure 22.2, chart A shows the frequency of the melanic dark) coat phenotype across six populations. Populations C, D, and E live on dark volcanic rock; populations A, B, and F live on light- coloured granite. Chart B shows the
Frequency of the Melanocortin- 1 receptor Mc1r) allele across these populations. The Mc1r alleles, D and d, differ by four amino acids; mice with DD and Dd genotypes have dark coats, whereas mice with dd genotype are light coloured. Which of the following statements best interprets the results shown in charts A and B?

Accepted Answer

A)   Frequency of the D allele is closely associated with both the melanic phenotype and the presence of dark substrate colour.
B)   Frequency of the D allele is closely associated with the melanic phenotype, but is unrelated to the presence of dark substrate colour.
C)   Frequency of the D allele is not associated with the melanic phenotype, but is associated with the presence of dark substrate colour.
D)   Frequency of the D allele is associated neither with the melanic phenotype nor with the presence of dark substrate colour.
E)   Frequency of the D allele does not vary. A

Question 2

Who proposed that organisms could be organized into a great chain of being?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lamarck
B)   Wallace
C)   Aristotle
D)   Darwin
E)   Linnaeus C

Question 3

Which of the following scientists argued that variation among individuals allows evolution to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lamarck
B)   Aristotle
C)   Wallace
D)   Linnaeus C

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of acclimation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Some animals grow thicker coats when exposed to low temperatures.
B)   Some bacteria can use the energy from sunlight to make sugars.
C)   Some fungi are larger than others are.
D)   Some hemoglobins have a higher affinity for oxygen than others.
E)   Some plant species can absorb nitrogen better than others can.

Question 5

A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in his field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these explanations best describes this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Triazine- resistant pigweed has less- efficient photosynthesis metabolism.
B)   Increased rainfall due to climate change washes away the herbicide more often, so the pigweed has reduced exposure to the triazine.
C)   The pigweed mutated in response to the herbicide, creating a new triazine- resistant species.
D)   Only triazine- resistant weeds survived and reproduced, so each year more pigweed was triazine- resistant.

Question 6

Explain how one of the following supports the idea that species change through time: artificial selection, extinction, transitional forms, vestigial traits, or antibiotic resistance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how one of the following supports...

Question 7

Parasitic species tend to have simple morphologies. Which of the following statements best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Parasites are lower organisms, and this is why they have simple morphologies.
B)   Simple morphologies have been naturally selected for in most parasites.
C)   Parasites have not yet had time to progress, because they are young evolutionarily.
D)   Parasites do not live long enough to inherit acquired characteristics.

Question 8

Use the following information when answering the corresponding questions).
The following questions) are based on information from Frank M. Frey, "Opposing Natural Selection from Herbivores and Pa May Maintain Floral- Color Variation in Claytonia virginica Portulacaceae)," Evolution 5811), 2004: 2426- 37.
-Claytonia virginica is a woodland spring herb with flowers that vary from white to pale pink to bright pink. This plant is primarily pollinated by a bee that prefers pink flowers to white flowers. Claytonia with pink flowers have a greater relative fruit set than Claytonia with white flowers. Nevertheless, the percentage of different flower colours remains stable in the study population from year to year. Which of these statements might explain this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reproductive success does not affect evolution in this species.
B)   The white flowers have evolved pollinator resistance.
C)   Fitness is primarily determined by fruit set in this species.
D)   Flower colour is not heritable, but is instead environmentally determined.

Question 9

Evolution by natural selection changes the population but not the individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Fishers typically target the largest, and thus, oldest fish. Given this fishing strategy, which of the following would be the most likely outcome due to natural selection over time on life history traits. Which of the following best predicts the effect of natural selection due to this fishing strategy on the life history traits of the commercially popular fish?

Accepted Answer

A)   There would be no change in the life histories of these fish populations as a species' age at reproduction cannot change.
B)   A greater proportion of the fish population would be made up of individuals that become reproductively mature at a larger size, and, thus, an older age.
C)   A greater proportion of the fish population would be made up of individuals that become reproductively mature at a smaller size, and, thus, an earlier age.
D)   A greater proportion of the fish population would be made up of individuals that become reproductively mature at a smaller size, and, thus, an older age.

Question 11

Tourist companies start visiting Island X, where the new colony of medium ground finches see previous question) feeds on the tough- fruited Tribulus cistoides. The tourist companies set up reliable feeding stations with a variety of bird seeds different types and sizes), so that tourists can get a better look at the finches. Which of these events is now most likely to occur to finch beaks on Island X?

Accepted Answer

A)   evolution of smaller, pointier beaks over time, until all birds have relatively small, pointy beaks
B)   no change in beak size and shape over time
C)   increased variation in beak size and shape over time
D)   evolution of yet larger, deeper beaks over time, until all birds have relatively large, deep beaks

Question 12

The same basic internal organs kidneys, stomach, heart, lungs) are found in frogs, birds, snakes. and rodents. This is primarily an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   transitional features.
B)   genetic correlation.
C)   developmental homology.
D)   structural homology.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an environmental constraint on evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)   The availabilities of different types of food are inconsistent from year to year on Daphne Major, so finches with the "perfect" bill size in one year may be at a disadvantage in another year.
B)   Dolphin embryos grow hindlimb buds during development, even though they do not have or need hindlimbs as adults.
C)   Female humans have nipples with mammary glands; males have nipples too but are unable to produce milk.
D)   Certain proteins in humans have similar amino acid sequences to those found in yeast because we have been unable to evolve more sophisticated sequences.
E)   Hox genes are found in both Drosophila and humans and are important in the development of body parts.

Question 14

This scenario is for the next questions).
You have a mixed population of bacteria S. aureus) in the lab. Approximately half of them WT) are susceptible to the antibiot rifampin. The other half are not, due to a mutation in the rpoB gene. The rpoB mutation results in an RNA polymerase that doesn't work as well as in the WT, hence transcription is not as rapid, and these bacteria grow much more slowly than those with the WT enzyme.
-If the population is maintained on media that contains rifampin, what is expected to occur over a period of time?

Accepted Answer

A)   The rifampin susceptible bacteria and the rifampin resistant bacteria will remain in approximately equal proportions.
B)   The rifampin susceptible bacteria will increase in proportion to the rifampin resistant bacteria.
C)   The rifampin resistant bacteria will increase in proportion compared to the rifampin susceptible bacteria.

Question 15

Vestigial traits and neutral changes in DNA sequences are good examples of

Accepted Answer

A)   convergent traits.
B)   nonadaptive traits.
C)   adaptation.
D)   acclimation.
E)   developmental homology.

Question 16

Which of the following statements describes a vestigial trait?

Accepted Answer

A)   Whales and dolphins must breathe air even though they spend their entire lives in the water.
B)   Penguins are flightless birds with wings that are specialized for swimming.
C)   Humans still have eyebrows, even though we have much less body hair than chimps.
D)   Kiwis are flightless birds with reduced, nonfunctional wings.
E)   Snakes have hinged jaws to help them swallow large meals.

Question 17

You sequence the genes that code for an important glycolytic enzyme in a moth, a mushroom, a worm, and an alga, and find a high degree of sequence similarity among these distantly related species. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   analogy/convergent evolution.
B)   structural homology.
C)   genetic homology.
D)   developmental homology.

Question 18

Evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalselection
B)   genetic drift
C)   reproductive selection
D)   artificial selection

Question 19

Gill pouches in chick, human, and house- cat embryos are an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   the inheritance of acquired characters.
B)   structural homology.
C)   developmental homology.
D)   genetic homology.

Question 20

Read the scenario above. If the population is maintained on media that lacks rifampin, what is expected to occur over a period of time?

Accepted Answer

A)   The rifampin resistant bacteria will increase in proportion compared to the rifampin susceptible bacteria.
B)   The rifampin susceptible bacteria and the rifampin resistant bacteria will remain in approximately equal proportions.
C)   The rifampin susceptible bacteria will increase in proportion to the rifampin resistant bacteria.

Exam 22: Evolution by Natural Selection