Question 1

A 65-year-old male recently suffered a cerebral vascular accident. He is now unable to recognize and identify objects by touch because of injury to the sensory cortex. This condition is a form of:

Accepted Answer

A)   hypomimesis.
B)   agnosia.
C)   dysphasia.
D)   agraphia. B

Question 2

A 16-year-old male took a recreational drug that altered his level of arousal. Physical exam revealed an absent Babinski sign, equal and reactive pupils, and roving eye movements. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Psychogenic arousal alteration
B)   Metabolically induced coma
C)   Structurally induced coma
D)   Structural arousal alteration B

Question 3

A 20-year-old male is admitted to the neuro critical care unit with a severe closed head injury. When an intraventricular catheter is inserted, the intracranial pressure is recorded at 24 mm Hg. This reading is:

Accepted Answer

A)   higher than normal.
B)   lower than normal.
C)   normal.
D)   borderline. A

Question 4

A 75-year-old female suffers a stroke and now has impaired comprehension and production of language. This condition is most likely caused by occlusion of the:

Accepted Answer

A)   anterior communicating artery.
B)   posterior communicating artery.
C)   circle of Willis.
D)   middle cerebral artery.

Question 5

The breathing pattern that reflects respirations based primarily on CO2 levels in the blood is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Cheyne-Stokes.
B)   ataxic.
C)   central neurogenic.
D)   normal.

Question 6

A decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure is related to which of the following changes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increase in arterial blood pressure
B)   Increase in cerebral blood flow
C)   Increase in intracranial pressure
D)   Cerebral artery vasodilation

Question 7

A teenage boy sustains a severe closed head injury following an ATV accident. He is in a state of deep sleep that requires vigorous stimulation to elicit eye opening. Which of the following describes his condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Confusion
B)   Coma
C)   Obtundation
D)   Stupor

Question 8

Cerebral edema is an accumulation of fluid in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   brain ventricles.
B)   brain tissue.
C)   subarachnoid space.
D)   neuroglia.

Question 9

A 40-year-old male complains of abnormal movement and progressive dysfunction of intellectual and thought processes. He is experiencing movement problems that begin in the face and arms and eventually affect the entire body. The most likely diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

A)   tardive dyskinesia.
B)   Huntington disease.
C)   hypokinesia.
D)   Alzheimer disease.

Question 10

A 16-year-old male fell off the bed of a pickup truck and hit his forehead on the road. He now has resistance to passive movement that varies proportionally with the force applied. He is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

A)   spasticity.
B)   gegenhalten.
C)   rigidity.
D)   dystonia.

Question 11

A peculiar sensation that immediately precedes a seizure is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)   prodroma.
B)   agnosia.
C)   spasm.
D)   aura.

Question 12

A patient with a history of a motor vehicle accident presents for rehabilitation. He appears to be confused and complains of an inability to remember. Which of the following is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

A)   Domain-independent declarative memory
B)   Domain-specific declarative memory
C)   Image processing
D)   Selective attention

Question 13

A disorder that causes excessive movement is:

Accepted Answer

A)   tachykinesia.
B)   akinesia.
C)   hyperkinesia.
D)   dyskinesia.

Question 14

A 50-year-old male suffers a severe head injury when his motorcycle hits a tree. His breathing becomes deep and rapid, but with normal pattern. This condition is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   gasping.
B)   ataxic breathing.
C)   apneusis.
D)   central neurogenic hyperventilation.

Question 15

An infant is diagnosed with noncommunicating hydrocephalus. An immediate concern for this patient is:

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic edema.
B)   interstitial edema.
C)   vasogenic edema.
D)   ischemic edema.

Question 16

Spinal shock is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)   loss of voluntary motor function with preservation of reflexes.
B)   cessation of spinal cord function below the lesion.
C)   loss of spinal cord function at the level of the lesion only.
D)   temporary loss of spinal cord function above the lesion.

Question 17

A 45-year-old female presents to the ER complaining of vomiting. A CT scan of the brain reveals a mass in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   skull fractures.
B)   the thalamus.
C)   medulla oblongata.
D)   the frontal lobe.

Question 18

Arousal is mediated by the:

Accepted Answer

A)   cerebral cortex.
B)   medulla oblongata.
C)   reticular activating system.
D)   cingulate gyrus.

Question 19

A 70-year-old female is being closely monitored in the neuro critical care unit for a severe closed head injury. After 48 hours, her condition begins to deteriorate. Her pupils are small and sluggish, pulse pressure is widening, and she is bradycardic. These clinical findings are evidence of what stage of intracranial hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A)   Stage 1
B)   Stage 2
C)   Stage 3
D)   Stage 4

Question 20

A _____ is also known as a senile gait.

Accepted Answer

A)   basal ganglion gait
B)   cerebellar gait
C)   supraganglion gait
D)   scissors gait

Exam 14: Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction