Exam 5: Motivation

Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on all of the following EXECPT:

The length of time a person sticks with a given action is known as _____________.

In the two-factor theory of motivation, a motivator factor is found in job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary.

In Maslow's needs hierarchy, __________ needs refer to the needs to fulfill oneself as well as to grow and use abilities to the fullest and most creative extent.

___________ is the degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy.

Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories.

Goal-setting is the process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets or objectives that an individual is responsible for achieving.

An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information.

Probably the best example of a process theory is Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.

In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment.

In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________.

An example of __________ is when an age discrimination complaint is made, both the accused and the accusing parties are allowed to present their individual views of the situation.

According to Maslow's needs hierarchy, the lower-order needs are esteem and self-actualization.

Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT:

Equity theory suggests that motivation results from the individual's attempts to satisfy needs.

__________ theories of motivation focus on the physiological or psychological deficiencies that people seek to reduce or eliminate.

_________ conducted research on subconscious goal motivation.

According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' instrumentalities by selecting capable workers, training them, supporting them, and setting clear goals.

Commutative justice is the degree to which people affected by a decision are treated with dignity and respect.

Equity theory predicts that people who perceive inequity, as compared to others, may change work inputs by putting less effort into their jobs, change the rewards received by asking for better treatment, change the comparison points by finding ways to make things appear better, change the situation by leaving the job, or take actions to change the inputs or outputs of the comparison person.