Question 1

What cellular structure is responsible for metabolic reactions that provide energy?

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm. 
B) mitochondria. 
C) cell membrane. 
D) organelle. 
A) cytoplasm. 
B) mitochondria. 
C) cell membrane. 
D) organelle.

Question 2

After water soluble nutrients are absorbed in the mucosal cells of the small intestine,they are transported where? via what?

Accepted Answer

A) to the kidneys via capillaries. 
B) to the liver via hepatic portal vein. 
C) to the gall bladder viabile duct. 
D) to the lymphatic system via the hepatic portal vein. 
A) to the kidneys via capillaries. 
B) to the liver via hepatic portal vein. 
C) to the gall bladder viabile duct. 
D) to the lymphatic system via the hepatic portal vein.

Question 3

Nutrients classified as "organic molecules" have a molecular structure which contains which element?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon. 
B) oxygen. 
C) nitrogen. 
D) sulphur. 
A) carbon. 
B) oxygen. 
C) nitrogen. 
D) sulphur.

Question 4

Which of the following meals is likely to stay in the stomach the longest?

Accepted Answer

A) cheeseburger,small French fries,small soft drink,and ice cream 
B) grilled chicken breast,mashed potato with butter,green beans,and skim milk 
C) tuna sandwich on whole wheat,pickle,and ice tea 
D) puffed rice cereal,skim milk,blueberries,and coffee 
A) cheeseburger,small French fries,small soft drink,and ice cream 
B) grilled chicken breast,mashed potato with butter,green beans,and skim milk 
C) tuna sandwich on whole wheat,pickle,and ice tea 
D) puffed rice cereal,skim milk,blueberries,and coffee

Question 5

Chyme is neutralized in the small intestine by secretions from which organ?

Accepted Answer

A) gallbladder. 
B) kidneys. 
C) liver. 
D) pancreas. 
A) gallbladder. 
B) kidneys. 
C) liver. 
D) pancreas.

Question 6

Which of the following is not an end product of carbohydrate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) water. 
B) carbon dioxide. 
C) energy (ATP). 
D) urea. 
A) water. 
B) carbon dioxide. 
C) energy (ATP). 
D) urea.

Question 7

Which corresponds to beginning of digestive tract: end of gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

A) esophagus;small intestine. 
B) mouth;pancreas. 
C) esophageal sphincter;stomach. 
D) mouth;anus. 
A) esophagus;small intestine. 
B) mouth;pancreas. 
C) esophageal sphincter;stomach. 
D) mouth;anus.

Question 8

Which statement best distinguishes between hepatic portal circulation and lymphatic system,with respect to nutrient transport?

Accepted Answer

A) The hepatic portal circulation transports water-soluble nutrients directly from the small intestine to the liver,while the lymphatic system directly transports fat-soluble nutrients from the small intestine to the liver. 
B) The hepatic portal circulation transports water-soluble nutrients directly from the small intestine to the liver,while the lymphatic system transports fat-soluble nutrients from the small intestine directly  to the circulatory system. 
C) The hepatic portal circulation transports fat-soluble nutrients directly  from the small intestine to the liver,while the lymphatic system transports water-soluble nutrients from the small intestine directly  to the circulatory system. 
D) The hepatic portal circulation transports water-soluble nutrients directly  from the small intestine to general blood circulation,while the lymphatic system transports fat-soluble nutrients from the small intestine directly  to the liver. 
A) The hepatic portal circulation transports water-soluble nutrients directly from the small intestine to the liver,while the lymphatic system directly transports fat-soluble nutrients from the small intestine to the liver. 
B) The hepatic portal circulation transports water-soluble nutrients directly from the small intestine to the liver,while the lymphatic system transports fat-soluble nutrients from the small intestine directly  to the circulatory system. 
C) The hepatic portal circulation transports fat-soluble nutrients directly  from the small intestine to the liver,while the lymphatic system transports water-soluble nutrients from the small intestine directly  to the circulatory system. 
D) The hepatic portal circulation transports water-soluble nutrients directly  from the small intestine to general blood circulation,while the lymphatic system transports fat-soluble nutrients from the small intestine directly  to the liver.

Question 9

During which stage of life can the digestive system absorb intact proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) infancy 
B) childhood 
C) adulthood 
D) aging adulthood 
A) infancy 
B) childhood 
C) adulthood 
D) aging adulthood

Question 10

The formation of chyme occurs in which part of the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

A) pancreas 
B) large intestine 
C) gallbladder 
D) stomach 
A) pancreas 
B) large intestine 
C) gallbladder 
D) stomach

Question 11

What is being described: "A food bolus encounters the contraction of circular and longitudinal muscles."

Accepted Answer

A) the entry of food into the small intestine 
B) the safe movement of food past the epiglottis 
C) the movement of food down the esophagus 
D) the breakdown of food in the mouth into smaller particles. 
A) the entry of food into the small intestine 
B) the safe movement of food past the epiglottis 
C) the movement of food down the esophagus 
D) the breakdown of food in the mouth into smaller particles.

Question 12

What causes the release of the hormone gastrin?

Accepted Answer

A) the presence of food in the stomach. 
B) contraction of the gastroesophageal sphincter. 
C) relaxation of the anal sphincter. 
D) the presence of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. in the stomach. 
A) the presence of food in the stomach. 
B) contraction of the gastroesophageal sphincter. 
C) relaxation of the anal sphincter. 
D) the presence of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. in the stomach.

Question 13

What is the sum of the chemical reactions that occur inside body cells?

Accepted Answer

A) digestion. 
B) absorption. 
C) metabolism. 
D) hydrolysis. 
A) digestion. 
B) absorption. 
C) metabolism. 
D) hydrolysis.

Question 14

What factors impact the rate at which food leaves the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Large meal (slower gastric emptying)vs.s

Question 15

What increases the absorptive surface of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A) sphincters. 
B) microvilli. 
C) lymph vessels. 
D) gastric pits. 
A) sphincters. 
B) microvilli. 
C) lymph vessels. 
D) gastric pits.

Question 16

"Chyme and digestive juices are moved backward and forward in the small intestine to enhance absorption at the brush border." What is being described?

Accepted Answer

A) Gastric secretion 
B) Barrier function 
C) Peristalis 
D) Segmentation 
A) Gastric secretion 
B) Barrier function 
C) Peristalis 
D) Segmentation

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of probiotic therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) Taking an antibiotic to clear up an infection. 
B) Eating yogurt which contains live bacteria. 
C) Drinking alcohol with our meals to kill foodborne pathogens. 
D) Pasteurization of our food supply. 
A) Taking an antibiotic to clear up an infection. 
B) Eating yogurt which contains live bacteria. 
C) Drinking alcohol with our meals to kill foodborne pathogens. 
D) Pasteurization of our food supply.

Question 18

What causes heartburn? What lifestyle changes can a person make to try to alleviate this problem?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn occurs when stomach acid leaks

Question 19

Through what does chyme pass when moving out of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) gastroesophageal sphincter. 
B) hard and soft palate. 
C) pyloric sphincter. 
D) common bile duct. 
A) gastroesophageal sphincter. 
B) hard and soft palate. 
C) pyloric sphincter. 
D) common bile duct.

Question 20

Which structure prevents food from entering the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A) trachea 
B) pharynx 
C) esophageal sphincter 
D) epiglottis 
A) trachea 
B) pharynx 
C) esophageal sphincter 
D) epiglottis

Exam 3: Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

What cellular structure is responsible for metabolic reactions that provide energy?

After water soluble nutrients are absorbed in the mucosal cells of the small intestine,they are transported where? via what?

Nutrients classified as "organic molecules" have a molecular structure which contains which element?

Which of the following meals is likely to stay in the stomach the longest?

Chyme is neutralized in the small intestine by secretions from which organ?

Which of the following is not an end product of carbohydrate metabolism?

Which corresponds to beginning of digestive tract: end of gastrointestinal tract?

Which statement best distinguishes between hepatic portal circulation and lymphatic system,with respect to nutrient transport?

During which stage of life can the digestive system absorb intact proteins?

The formation of chyme occurs in which part of the GI tract?

What is being described: "A food bolus encounters the contraction of circular and longitudinal muscles."

What causes the release of the hormone gastrin?

What is the sum of the chemical reactions that occur inside body cells?

What factors impact the rate at which food leaves the stomach?

What increases the absorptive surface of the small intestine?

"Chyme and digestive juices are moved backward and forward in the small intestine to enhance absorption at the brush border." What is being described?

Which of the following is an example of probiotic therapy?

What causes heartburn? What lifestyle changes can a person make to try to alleviate this problem?

Through what does chyme pass when moving out of the stomach?

Which structure prevents food from entering the lungs?

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibre

Lipids

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

A: the Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Elements

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus 1: Focus on Beyond the Basics

Focus 2: Focus on Alcohol

Focus 3: Focus on Obesity, Metabolism, and Disease Risk

Focus 4: Focus on Phytochemicals

Focus5:focus on Natural Health Products

Focus 6: Focus on Integrating Nutrient Function in the Body

Focus 7: Focus on Eating Disorders

Focus 8: Focus on Biotechnology

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