Question 1

Carotenoids can accumulate in the adipose tissue causing skin to appear yellow.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) This is a dangerous toxicity. 
B) This is caused by eating eggs. 
C) This is called hypercarotenemia. 
D) The whites of the eyes turn yellow,like jaundice. 
A) This is a dangerous toxicity. 
B) This is caused by eating eggs. 
C) This is called hypercarotenemia. 
D) The whites of the eyes turn yellow,like jaundice.

Question 2

Which group of people is most at risk for vitamin D deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) the elderly 
B) light-skinned children 
C) pregnant women 
D) teenagers 
A) the elderly 
B) light-skinned children 
C) pregnant women 
D) teenagers

Question 3

Which of the following statements best describes how vitamin E protects the cell from oxidative stress?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin E neutralizes a reactive oxygen species by accepting an electron from it.Vitamin E is then regenerated by donating its electron to glutathione. 
B) Vitamin E neutralizes a reactive oxygen species by donating an electron to it.Vitamin E is then regenerated by obtaining an electron from cholesterol which is present in the cell membrane. 
C) Vitamin E neutralizes a reactive oxygen species by donating an electron to it.Vitamin E is then regenerated by obtaining an electron from a water-soluble dietary antioxidant. 
D) Vitamin E neutralizes damaged protein by donating an electron to it.Vitamin E is then regenerated by obtaining an electron from Vitamin A. 
A) Vitamin E neutralizes a reactive oxygen species by accepting an electron from it.Vitamin E is then regenerated by donating its electron to glutathione. 
B) Vitamin E neutralizes a reactive oxygen species by donating an electron to it.Vitamin E is then regenerated by obtaining an electron from cholesterol which is present in the cell membrane. 
C) Vitamin E neutralizes a reactive oxygen species by donating an electron to it.Vitamin E is then regenerated by obtaining an electron from a water-soluble dietary antioxidant. 
D) Vitamin E neutralizes damaged protein by donating an electron to it.Vitamin E is then regenerated by obtaining an electron from Vitamin A.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding vitamin A in the diet is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Preformed vitamin A is found primarily in animal foods. 
B) Provitamin A is found in fish and eggs. 
C) Carotenoids are responsible for the red color in beef. 
D) Provitamin A compounds are called retinoids. 
A) Preformed vitamin A is found primarily in animal foods. 
B) Provitamin A is found in fish and eggs. 
C) Carotenoids are responsible for the red color in beef. 
D) Provitamin A compounds are called retinoids.

Question 5

Xerophthalmia occurs when vitamin A is deficient in the diet.What part of the body is affected?

Accepted Answer

A) ears. 
B) eyes. 
C) skin. 
D) teeth. 
A) ears. 
B) eyes. 
C) skin. 
D) teeth.

Question 6

Which statement does NOT describe menaquinones?

Accepted Answer

A) A form of vitamin K synthesized by bacteria and found in fish oils. 
B) The form of vitamin K typically used in supplements. 
C) The form of vitamin K found in meat. 
D) The form of vitamin K found in plants. 
A) A form of vitamin K synthesized by bacteria and found in fish oils. 
B) The form of vitamin K typically used in supplements. 
C) The form of vitamin K found in meat. 
D) The form of vitamin K found in plants.

Question 7

What is Vitamin E's primary function in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) reduction of oxidative stress 
B) increased absorption of calcium in the small intestine. 
C) regulation of acid-base balance. 
D) regulation ofphosphorus levels. 
A) reduction of oxidative stress 
B) increased absorption of calcium in the small intestine. 
C) regulation of acid-base balance. 
D) regulation ofphosphorus levels.

Question 8

Vitamin A toxicity occurs most frequently when large amounts of what product is consumed?

Accepted Answer

A) carrot juice 
B) egg yolks 
C) sweet potatoes 
D) vitamin A supplements 
A) carrot juice 
B) egg yolks 
C) sweet potatoes 
D) vitamin A supplements

Question 9

What is the purpose of retinol activity equivalents?

Accepted Answer

A) to provide a factor for converting a quantity of carotenoids to the equivalent amount of vitamin A 
B) to determine the amount of vitamin A lost in food processing 
C) to quantify the decrease in vitamin A function in the body due to exercise or activity 
D) to increase absorption of vitamin A in the body 
A) to provide a factor for converting a quantity of carotenoids to the equivalent amount of vitamin A 
B) to determine the amount of vitamin A lost in food processing 
C) to quantify the decrease in vitamin A function in the body due to exercise or activity 
D) to increase absorption of vitamin A in the body

Question 10

What is the vitamin D deficiency disease in adults which is characterized by bone and muscle pain?

Accepted Answer

A) keratomalacia. 
B) osteomalacia. 
C) rickets. 
D) osteoporosis. 
A) keratomalacia. 
B) osteomalacia. 
C) rickets. 
D) osteoporosis.

Question 11

What is the visual pigment that helps transform energy from light into a nerve impulse sent to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) retinoic acid. 
B) opsin. 
C) retinal. 
D) rhodopsin. 
A) retinoic acid. 
B) opsin. 
C) retinal. 
D) rhodopsin.

Question 12

In which group is vitamin E deficiency is likely to be most common?

Accepted Answer

A) older adults. 
B) premature infants. 
C) teenagers. 
D) pregnant women. 
A) older adults. 
B) premature infants. 
C) teenagers. 
D) pregnant women.

Question 13

In its role as an antioxidant,after vitamin E donates an electron to a reactive oxygen species.It is then regenerated by what molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) Isoflavone 
B) Vitamin A 
C) phospholipid 
D) Vitamin C 
A) Isoflavone 
B) Vitamin A 
C) phospholipid 
D) Vitamin C

Question 14

Beta-carotene is LEAST plentiful in which food?

Accepted Answer

A) yellow squash 
B) spinach 
C) yellow apples 
D) carrots 
A) yellow squash 
B) spinach 
C) yellow apples 
D) carrots

Question 15

Which part of the body is most affected when keratomalacia occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) eyes 
B) liver 
C) skin 
D) tongue 
A) eyes 
B) liver 
C) skin 
D) tongue

Question 16

Which mineral is needed for proper vitamin A transport and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) iron 
C) phosphorus 
D) zinc 
A) calcium 
B) iron 
C) phosphorus 
D) zinc

Question 17

Why must vitamin K intake be consistent when taking the anti-coagulant drug sodium warfarin?

Accepted Answer

A) Because warfarin functions by interfering with the formation of active vitamin K,the amount of vitamin K consumed will influence the dose of the drug required. 
B) Because warfarin functions by promoting with the formation of active vitamin K,the amount of vitamin K consumed will influence the dose of the drug required. 
C) Because warfarin functions as a vitamin K agonist,the less vitamin K consumed the more effective the drug is. 
D) Sodium warfarin acts through metabolism unrelated to vitamin K. 
A) Because warfarin functions by interfering with the formation of active vitamin K,the amount of vitamin K consumed will influence the dose of the drug required. 
B) Because warfarin functions by promoting with the formation of active vitamin K,the amount of vitamin K consumed will influence the dose of the drug required. 
C) Because warfarin functions as a vitamin K agonist,the less vitamin K consumed the more effective the drug is. 
D) Sodium warfarin acts through metabolism unrelated to vitamin K.

Question 18

What is the main reason vitamin D supplements are recommended for the elderly?

Accepted Answer

A) The synthesis of Vitamin D becomes more efficient as people age. 
B) There is an increase in the vitamin D requirement in older adults,which is difficult to obtain from food sources alone. 
C) There is less production of vitamin D during the winter months. 
D) None of the above choices are correct. 
A) The synthesis of Vitamin D becomes more efficient as people age. 
B) There is an increase in the vitamin D requirement in older adults,which is difficult to obtain from food sources alone. 
C) There is less production of vitamin D during the winter months. 
D) None of the above choices are correct.

Question 19

What is the key function of Vitamin A in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

A) Retinoic acid must bind to a protein in the cell membrane to ensure that a signal is sent to the nucleus to initiate gene expression.. 
B) Retinoic acid binds to mRNA to ensure that translation occurs. 
C) Retinoic acid binds to mRNA to ensure that transcription occurs. 
D) Retinoic acid must bind to a protein receptor and then the retinoic acid-protein receptor is able to bind to a regulatory region of DNA. 
A) Retinoic acid must bind to a protein in the cell membrane to ensure that a signal is sent to the nucleus to initiate gene expression.. 
B) Retinoic acid binds to mRNA to ensure that translation occurs. 
C) Retinoic acid binds to mRNA to ensure that transcription occurs. 
D) Retinoic acid must bind to a protein receptor and then the retinoic acid-protein receptor is able to bind to a regulatory region of DNA.

Question 20

What is the relationship between vitamin D and its receptor?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin D binds to the vitamin D receptor on the cell membrane and initiates changes in metabolic pathways related to bone 
B) vitamin D passes through the cell membrane and binds to DNA,stopping gene expression in cells such as those of the small intestine 
C) vitamin D binds to its receptor in cells of many different organs of the body 
D) vitamin D binds to its receptor in three parts of the body,the small intestine,the kidneys and the bone 
A) vitamin D binds to the vitamin D receptor on the cell membrane and initiates changes in metabolic pathways related to bone 
B) vitamin D passes through the cell membrane and binds to DNA,stopping gene expression in cells such as those of the small intestine 
C) vitamin D binds to its receptor in cells of many different organs of the body 
D) vitamin D binds to its receptor in three parts of the body,the small intestine,the kidneys and the bone

Exam 9: The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Carotenoids can accumulate in the adipose tissue causing skin to appear yellow.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which group of people is most at risk for vitamin D deficiency?

Which of the following statements best describes how vitamin E protects the cell from oxidative stress?

Which of the following statements regarding vitamin A in the diet is TRUE?

Xerophthalmia occurs when vitamin A is deficient in the diet.What part of the body is affected?

Which statement does NOT describe menaquinones?

What is Vitamin E's primary function in the body?

Vitamin A toxicity occurs most frequently when large amounts of what product is consumed?

What is the purpose of retinol activity equivalents?

What is the vitamin D deficiency disease in adults which is characterized by bone and muscle pain?

What is the visual pigment that helps transform energy from light into a nerve impulse sent to the brain?

In which group is vitamin E deficiency is likely to be most common?

In its role as an antioxidant,after vitamin E donates an electron to a reactive oxygen species.It is then regenerated by what molecule?

Beta-carotene is LEAST plentiful in which food?

Which part of the body is most affected when keratomalacia occurs?

Which mineral is needed for proper vitamin A transport and metabolism?

Why must vitamin K intake be consistent when taking the anti-coagulant drug sodium warfarin?

What is the main reason vitamin D supplements are recommended for the elderly?

What is the key function of Vitamin A in gene expression?

What is the relationship between vitamin D and its receptor?

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibre

Lipids

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

A: the Water-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Elements

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus 1: Focus on Beyond the Basics

Focus 2: Focus on Alcohol

Focus 3: Focus on Obesity, Metabolism, and Disease Risk

Focus 4: Focus on Phytochemicals

Focus5:focus on Natural Health Products

Focus 6: Focus on Integrating Nutrient Function in the Body

Focus 7: Focus on Eating Disorders

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