Question 1

A chemical or biogenic sedimentary rock consisting of halite is called

Accepted Answer

A)  limestone. 
B)  rock salt. 
C)  chert. 
D)  dolostone. 
A)  limestone. 
B)  rock salt. 
C)  chert. 
D)  dolostone.

Question 2

A blocky clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)  siltstone. 
B)  mudstone. 
C)  claystone. 
D)  shale. 
A)  siltstone. 
B)  mudstone. 
C)  claystone. 
D)  shale.

Question 3

A clastic sedimentary rock composed of pebbles (20%) and sand (80%) would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)  sandy pebblestone. 
B)  pebbly sandstone. 
C)  sandy conglomerate. 
D)  conglomeratic sandstone. 
A)  sandy pebblestone. 
B)  pebbly sandstone. 
C)  sandy conglomerate. 
D)  conglomeratic sandstone.

Question 4

How do evaporites occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evaporation turns rock to smaller fragments. 
B)  They are extremely rare; the sun and moon must be aligned. 
C)  Volcanic rock combines with sedimentary rock. 
D)  Extensive evaporation allows precipitation of halite and gypsum. 
A)  Evaporation turns rock to smaller fragments. 
B)  They are extremely rare; the sun and moon must be aligned. 
C)  Volcanic rock combines with sedimentary rock. 
D)  Extensive evaporation allows precipitation of halite and gypsum.

Question 5

In the field, a student finds a sedimentary rock that contains angular fragments of white rock embedded in a darker rock. This rock is possibly

Accepted Answer

A)  arkose sandstone. 
B)  breccia. 
C)  conglomerate. 
D)  lithic mudstone. 
A)  arkose sandstone. 
B)  breccia. 
C)  conglomerate. 
D)  lithic mudstone.

Question 6

What conditions during the formation of coal may increase its quality for industrial use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Very high heat and pressure are applied. 
B)  Clay and silt wash periodically through the swamp that formed the coal. 
C)  The swamp that formed the coal floods. 
D)  The coal is formed of mostly green plants and contains very few woody trees. 
A)  Very high heat and pressure are applied. 
B)  Clay and silt wash periodically through the swamp that formed the coal. 
C)  The swamp that formed the coal floods. 
D)  The coal is formed of mostly green plants and contains very few woody trees.

Question 7

All clay-size grains in a clastic sedimentary rock are clay minerals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A muddy sedimentary environment exposed to the air allowing the sediment to dry out will result in

Accepted Answer

A)  ripples. 
B)  mudcracks. 
C)  cross-beds. 
D)  graded beds. 
A)  ripples. 
B)  mudcracks. 
C)  cross-beds. 
D)  graded beds.

Question 9

A student scoops a bucket of water and sediment from the side of a stream. A second student scoops a bucket of water and sediment from the center of the stream. What is the most probable outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first student would have large rocks and boulders because the stream flow sweeps these out of the way and to the sides. The second student might have small rocks and pebbles because the stream wears the rocks down where it flows quickly in the middle. 
B)  The first student would have mud and small rocks because the stream flows slowly at the sides. The second student might have mostly mud because mud settles to the bottom. 
C)  The first student would have mud and small rocks because the stream flows slowly at the sides. The second student might have large rocks and pebbles because the stream probably flows more quickly in the middle. 
D)  The first student would have mud and medium-to-large size rocks that get stuck in the mud at the sides. The second student might have pebbles. 
A)  The first student would have large rocks and boulders because the stream flow sweeps these out of the way and to the sides. The second student might have small rocks and pebbles because the stream wears the rocks down where it flows quickly in the middle. 
B)  The first student would have mud and small rocks because the stream flows slowly at the sides. The second student might have mostly mud because mud settles to the bottom. 
C)  The first student would have mud and small rocks because the stream flows slowly at the sides. The second student might have large rocks and pebbles because the stream probably flows more quickly in the middle. 
D)  The first student would have mud and medium-to-large size rocks that get stuck in the mud at the sides. The second student might have pebbles.

Question 10

How and why do rocks disintegrate to form sediment? (5.1)

Accepted Answer

Weathering is the interaction of the geo

Question 11

A clastic sedimentary rock composed of sand (90%) and mud (10%) would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)  sandy mudstone. 
B)  muddy sandstone. 
C)  siltstone. 
D)  sandy shale. 
A)  sandy mudstone. 
B)  muddy sandstone. 
C)  siltstone. 
D)  sandy shale.

Question 12

The direction of moving water and air currents that transport sediment can be determined by the study of

Accepted Answer

A)  bedding. 
B)  mudcracks. 
C)  cross-beds. 
D)  graded beds. 
A)  bedding. 
B)  mudcracks. 
C)  cross-beds. 
D)  graded beds.

Question 13

Minerals with covalent bonds are more resistant to weathering than minerals with ionic bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which resource is not usually obtained from sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

A)  gem crystals 
B)  coal 
C)  water 
D)  oil 
A)  gem crystals 
B)  coal 
C)  water 
D)  oil

Question 15

How does loose sediment become sedimentary rock? (5.3)

Accepted Answer

As sediment accumulates, older sediment

Question 16

What is a property of a conglomerate?

Accepted Answer

A)  composed of rounded gravel 
B)  igneous rock 
C)  secreted from shelled animals 
D)  extremely rare 
A)  composed of rounded gravel 
B)  igneous rock 
C)  secreted from shelled animals 
D)  extremely rare

Question 17

Plutonic and metamorphic rocks are particularly susceptible to oxidation reactions when they are exposed on Earth's surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which statement about compaction is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grains of sand are crushed into a smaller volume. 
B)  Spaces between grains are decreased. 
C)  Flakes of minerals are broken. 
D)  Compaction may be caused by the weight of overlying sediment. 
A)  Grains of sand are crushed into a smaller volume. 
B)  Spaces between grains are decreased. 
C)  Flakes of minerals are broken. 
D)  Compaction may be caused by the weight of overlying sediment.

Question 19

What occurs during hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxidation occurs. 
B)  Mineral molecules break apart, and these molecules then disperse in water. 
C)  Both the minerals and the water is consumed, resulting in new minerals. 
D)  Minerals soak up water molecules. 
A)  Oxidation occurs. 
B)  Mineral molecules break apart, and these molecules then disperse in water. 
C)  Both the minerals and the water is consumed, resulting in new minerals. 
D)  Minerals soak up water molecules.

Question 20

A blocky clastic sedimentary rock composed of clay would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)  siltstone. 
B)  mudstone. 
C)  claystone. 
D)  shale. 
A)  siltstone. 
B)  mudstone. 
C)  claystone. 
D)  shale.

Exam 5: Formation of Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

A chemical or biogenic sedimentary rock consisting of halite is called

A blocky clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud would be called a

A clastic sedimentary rock composed of pebbles (20%) and sand (80%) would be called a

How do evaporites occur?

In the field, a student finds a sedimentary rock that contains angular fragments of white rock embedded in a darker rock. This rock is possibly

What conditions during the formation of coal may increase its quality for industrial use?

All clay-size grains in a clastic sedimentary rock are clay minerals.

A muddy sedimentary environment exposed to the air allowing the sediment to dry out will result in

A student scoops a bucket of water and sediment from the side of a stream. A second student scoops a bucket of water and sediment from the center of the stream. What is the most probable outcome?

How and why do rocks disintegrate to form sediment? (5.1)

A clastic sedimentary rock composed of sand (90%) and mud (10%) would be called a

The direction of moving water and air currents that transport sediment can be determined by the study of

Minerals with covalent bonds are more resistant to weathering than minerals with ionic bonds.

Which resource is not usually obtained from sedimentary rocks?

How does loose sediment become sedimentary rock? (5.3)

What is a property of a conglomerate?

Plutonic and metamorphic rocks are particularly susceptible to oxidation reactions when they are exposed on Earth's surface.

Which statement about compaction is false?

What occurs during hydrolysis?

A blocky clastic sedimentary rock composed of clay would be called a

Why Study Earth

Minerals: Building Blocks of the Planet

Rocks and Rock-Forming Processes

Formation of Magma and Igneous Rocks

Formation of Metamorphic Rocks

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Making Earth

Motion Inside Earth

Deformation of Rocks

Global Tectonics: Plates and Plumes

Tectonics and Surface Relief

Soil Formation and Landscape Stability

Mass Movements: Landscapes in Motion

Streams: Flowing Water Shapes the Landscape

Water Flowing Underground

Glaciers: Cold-Climate Sculptors of Continents

Shorelines: Changing Landscapes Where Land Meets Sea

Wind: a Global Geologic Process

Global Warming: Real Time Change in the Earth System

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