Question 1

A clastic sedimentary rock composed of sand-size grains (10% feldspar, 65% quartz and 25% rock fragments) would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)  mixed sandstone. 
B)  lithic sandstone. 
C)  rock fragment sandstone. 
D)  low quartz sandstone. 
A)  mixed sandstone. 
B)  lithic sandstone. 
C)  rock fragment sandstone. 
D)  low quartz sandstone. B

Question 2

Choose the option that correctly matches all rock types with their source environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  conglomerate: lake bottoms; limestone: sea floor; evaporites: stream deltas 
B)  conglomerate: river bottoms; limestone: lake bottoms; mudstone: lake bottoms 
C)  limestone: river bottoms; conglomerate: sea floor; evaporites: ocean beaches 
D)  limestone: sea floor; evaporites: lake shores; conglomerates: stream deltas 
A)  conglomerate: lake bottoms; limestone: sea floor; evaporites: stream deltas 
B)  conglomerate: river bottoms; limestone: lake bottoms; mudstone: lake bottoms 
C)  limestone: river bottoms; conglomerate: sea floor; evaporites: ocean beaches 
D)  limestone: sea floor; evaporites: lake shores; conglomerates: stream deltas D

Question 3

Coal is

Accepted Answer

A)  a very rare fossil fuel. 
B)  a chemical or biogenic sedimentary rock consisting of plant organic matter. 
C)  an inorganic form of energy. 
D)  a mafic igneous rock. 
A)  a very rare fossil fuel. 
B)  a chemical or biogenic sedimentary rock consisting of plant organic matter. 
C)  an inorganic form of energy. 
D)  a mafic igneous rock. B

Question 4

What is the chemical relationship between rock and the sediments rock is weathered into?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have the same chemical composition. 
B)  The sediments consist of all the same minerals, divided into separate flakes. 
C)  Most of the rock minerals dissolve; only a few harder minerals form sediment. 
D)  Most of the same minerals are present in both. 
A)  They have the same chemical composition. 
B)  The sediments consist of all the same minerals, divided into separate flakes. 
C)  Most of the rock minerals dissolve; only a few harder minerals form sediment. 
D)  Most of the same minerals are present in both.

Question 5

What occurs during hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mineral dissolves in water. 
B)  A mineral reacts with water to produce a new mineral and ions in solution. 
C)  A mineral breaks down into smaller minerals. 
D)  A mineral is submerged into the ocean. 
A)  A mineral dissolves in water. 
B)  A mineral reacts with water to produce a new mineral and ions in solution. 
C)  A mineral breaks down into smaller minerals. 
D)  A mineral is submerged into the ocean.

Question 6

The strongest acid in chemical weathering forms from mixing carbon dioxide and water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which type of rock is abundant in older rock formations but more rare in newer formations, may contain oil or gas, and is formed by a reaction with a previous sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  anthracite 
B)  bituminous coal 
C)  chert 
D)  dolostone 
A)  anthracite 
B)  bituminous coal 
C)  chert 
D)  dolostone

Question 8

Why are oxygen and water the two main components involved in chemical weathering?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are extremely rare. 
B)  They are among the most abundant and easily bonding molecules on earth. 
C)  They are very good at it, so they do it a lot. 
D)  Nothing else can chemically alter minerals. 
A)  They are extremely rare. 
B)  They are among the most abundant and easily bonding molecules on earth. 
C)  They are very good at it, so they do it a lot. 
D)  Nothing else can chemically alter minerals.

Question 9

Why can volcanic rocks occasionally contain fossils?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lava does not melt bones. 
B)  Volcanic ash, if builds quickly enough, can preserve the remains of organisms. 
C)  Magma cools so quickly that fossils get trapped inside. 
D)  Organisms were often attracted to volcanoes and fell inside them by accident. 
A)  Lava does not melt bones. 
B)  Volcanic ash, if builds quickly enough, can preserve the remains of organisms. 
C)  Magma cools so quickly that fossils get trapped inside. 
D)  Organisms were often attracted to volcanoes and fell inside them by accident.

Question 10

A chemical or biogenic sedimentary rock consisting of microscopic quartz is called

Accepted Answer

A)  limestone. 
B)  rock gypsum. 
C)  chert. 
D)  dolostone. 
A)  limestone. 
B)  rock gypsum. 
C)  chert. 
D)  dolostone.

Question 11

How is coal produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  with natural gas 
B)  the same way oil is produced 
C)  Obsidian and water are mixed together and buried for hundreds of years. 
D)  Plant organic matter is compressed into rock under elevated heat and pressure during burial. 
A)  with natural gas 
B)  the same way oil is produced 
C)  Obsidian and water are mixed together and buried for hundreds of years. 
D)  Plant organic matter is compressed into rock under elevated heat and pressure during burial.

Question 12

What is the link between weathering and making sediment? (5.2)

Accepted Answer

Weathering breaks down rock into the com

Question 13

A clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud and splits into sheets would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)  shale. 
B)  mudstone. 
C)  claystone. 
D)  siltstone. 
A)  shale. 
B)  mudstone. 
C)  claystone. 
D)  siltstone.

Question 14

Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sedimentary rocks experience physical changes such as dissolving and crystallization. 
B)  Sedimentary rocks may undergo chemical changes such as organic material changing into coal. 
C)  Sedimentary rocks may undergo radioactive changes that result in one element changing into another. 
D)  Sedimentary rocks may change into other kinds of rocks under forces of heat and pressure. 
A)  Sedimentary rocks experience physical changes such as dissolving and crystallization. 
B)  Sedimentary rocks may undergo chemical changes such as organic material changing into coal. 
C)  Sedimentary rocks may undergo radioactive changes that result in one element changing into another. 
D)  Sedimentary rocks may change into other kinds of rocks under forces of heat and pressure.

Question 15

Chert, composed mainly of quartz, forms only by inorganic processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Choose the option that matches the pore particles with the cement it forms upon reaction with water.

Accepted Answer

A)  Feldspar grains become hematite; iron-silicate grains form quartz. 
B)  Silicate grains become clay; iron-oxide grains form hematite. 
C)  Pyroxene grains become clay; carboN-silicate grains form hematite. 
D)  Feldspar grains become clay; iron-silicate grains form hematite. 
A)  Feldspar grains become hematite; iron-silicate grains form quartz. 
B)  Silicate grains become clay; iron-oxide grains form hematite. 
C)  Pyroxene grains become clay; carboN-silicate grains form hematite. 
D)  Feldspar grains become clay; iron-silicate grains form hematite.

Question 17

Sedimentary rocks are the most common rocks on Earth's surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What do pores allow for in rock forming processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Magma seeps through pores, resulting in igneous rock. 
B)  Hydrothermal energy seeps through pores, allowing for the production of electricity. 
C)  Water seeps through pores, resulting in dissolution. 
D)  Minerals precipitate from the water into pores, cementing grains together. 
A)  Magma seeps through pores, resulting in igneous rock. 
B)  Hydrothermal energy seeps through pores, allowing for the production of electricity. 
C)  Water seeps through pores, resulting in dissolution. 
D)  Minerals precipitate from the water into pores, cementing grains together.

Question 19

Which is not one of the three main types of sediment grain?

Accepted Answer

A)  clastic 
B)  biogenic 
C)  conglomeratic 
D)  chemical 
A)  clastic 
B)  biogenic 
C)  conglomeratic 
D)  chemical

Question 20

What do the three ingredients of sedimentary-rock texture include?

Accepted Answer

A)  the mineralogy of the grains 
B)  the rounding of the grains 
C)  the dominant grain size 
D)  the degree of sorting, rounding of grains, and dominant grain size 
A)  the mineralogy of the grains 
B)  the rounding of the grains 
C)  the dominant grain size 
D)  the degree of sorting, rounding of grains, and dominant grain size

Exam 5: Formation of Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

A clastic sedimentary rock composed of sand-size grains (10% feldspar, 65% quartz and 25% rock fragments) would be called a

Choose the option that correctly matches all rock types with their source environments.

Coal is

What is the chemical relationship between rock and the sediments rock is weathered into?

What occurs during hydrolysis?

The strongest acid in chemical weathering forms from mixing carbon dioxide and water.

Which type of rock is abundant in older rock formations but more rare in newer formations, may contain oil or gas, and is formed by a reaction with a previous sedimentary rock?

Why are oxygen and water the two main components involved in chemical weathering?

Why can volcanic rocks occasionally contain fossils?

A chemical or biogenic sedimentary rock consisting of microscopic quartz is called

How is coal produced?

What is the link between weathering and making sediment? (5.2)

A clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud and splits into sheets would be called a

Which statement is false?

Chert, composed mainly of quartz, forms only by inorganic processes.

Choose the option that matches the pore particles with the cement it forms upon reaction with water.

Sedimentary rocks are the most common rocks on Earth's surface.

What do pores allow for in rock forming processes?

Which is not one of the three main types of sediment grain?

What do the three ingredients of sedimentary-rock texture include?

Why Study Earth

Minerals: Building Blocks of the Planet

Rocks and Rock-Forming Processes

Formation of Magma and Igneous Rocks

Formation of Metamorphic Rocks

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Making Earth

Motion Inside Earth

Deformation of Rocks

Global Tectonics: Plates and Plumes

Tectonics and Surface Relief

Soil Formation and Landscape Stability

Mass Movements: Landscapes in Motion

Streams: Flowing Water Shapes the Landscape

Water Flowing Underground

Glaciers: Cold-Climate Sculptors of Continents

Shorelines: Changing Landscapes Where Land Meets Sea

Wind: a Global Geologic Process

Global Warming: Real Time Change in the Earth System

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