Question 1

In an earthquake, what causes the most damage and deaths?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an earthquake, what causes the most...

Question 2

A seismic station records an earthquake that has a maximum surface wave amplitude of 50 mm and the S-wave arrives 2 seconds after the P-wave. The Richter magnitude of this earthquake is

Accepted Answer

A)  3. 
B)  4. 
C)  5. 
D)  6. 
A)  3. 
B)  4. 
C)  5. 
D)  6.

Question 3

Arched folds where limbs dip away from the hinge line are called

Accepted Answer

A)  inclines. 
B)  anticlines. 
C)  synclines. 
D)  reclines. 
A)  inclines. 
B)  anticlines. 
C)  synclines. 
D)  reclines.

Question 4

Magnitude is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a measure of earthquake size that is related to the energy released during the earthquake. 
B)  a directly measured physical quantity. 
C)  a value that is calculated from measurements taken during an earthquake. 
D)  determined using the amplitude of P and S waves. 
A)  a measure of earthquake size that is related to the energy released during the earthquake. 
B)  a directly measured physical quantity. 
C)  a value that is calculated from measurements taken during an earthquake. 
D)  determined using the amplitude of P and S waves.

Question 5

Cracks where displacement of rock has occurred are called

Accepted Answer

A)  faults. 
B)  sills. 
C)  joints. 
D)  dikes. 
A)  faults. 
B)  sills. 
C)  joints. 
D)  dikes.

Question 6

Why are some faults named "reverse" faults?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rock moves in one direction, then reverses and moves in another direction. 
B)  The rock moves in opposite directions on each side of the fault. 
C)  The rock on the hanging wall moves opposite to the direction it does in a normal fault. 
D)  The rock on the hanging wall moves perpendicular to the direction of a thrust fault. 
A)  The rock moves in one direction, then reverses and moves in another direction. 
B)  The rock moves in opposite directions on each side of the fault. 
C)  The rock on the hanging wall moves opposite to the direction it does in a normal fault. 
D)  The rock on the hanging wall moves perpendicular to the direction of a thrust fault.

Question 7

Why do rocks deform?

Accepted Answer

"Stress is the magnitude of a force appl

Question 8

The word "graben" originates from

Accepted Answer

A)  the German word for "ditch." 
B)  the English word for "grab." 
C)  the German word for "tumble." 
D)  the Japanese word for "nest." 
A)  the German word for "ditch." 
B)  the English word for "grab." 
C)  the German word for "tumble." 
D)  the Japanese word for "nest."

Question 9

What are the different kinds of faults?

Accepted Answer

"Movement of rock along the dip of the f

Question 10

The block of rock above an inclined fault plane is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  footwall 
B)  hanging-wall 
C)  strike-wall 
D)  dipwall 
A)  footwall 
B)  hanging-wall 
C)  strike-wall 
D)  dipwall

Question 11

The oldest rocks are exposed along the axis of

Accepted Answer

A)  a syncline. 
B)  an anticline. 
C)  a dip. 
D)  a plunging fold. 
A)  a syncline. 
B)  an anticline. 
C)  a dip. 
D)  a plunging fold.

Question 12

What is the downside of using moment magnitude as an earthquake measurement?

Accepted Answer

It underestimates th

Question 13

The elastic rebound theory explains earthquakes as sudden brittle failure following the buildup of elastic strain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

"Tsunami" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  huge waves at sea that diminish somewhat and reach land. 
B)  a sudden buildup of wave amplitude in shallow water. 
C)  high-amplitude, high-frequency waves that reach shore. 
D)  a series of waves that reach the shore in fast succession, causing extreme damage. 
A)  huge waves at sea that diminish somewhat and reach land. 
B)  a sudden buildup of wave amplitude in shallow water. 
C)  high-amplitude, high-frequency waves that reach shore. 
D)  a series of waves that reach the shore in fast succession, causing extreme damage.

Question 15

Intensity measures the violence of ground shaking during an earthquake in terms of the extent to which people felt the earthquake.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Put the steps in the correct order. 1. Stress exceeds rock yield strength. 2. Potential energy is released as motion energy. 3. Strong rocks absorb large stresses during elastic strain. 4. Rock breaks.

Accepted Answer

A)  3, 2, 1, 4 
B)  3, 1, 2, 4 
C)  3, 1, 4, 2 
D)  3, 2, 4, 1 
A)  3, 2, 1, 4 
B)  3, 1, 2, 4 
C)  3, 1, 4, 2 
D)  3, 2, 4, 1

Question 17

Joints are:

Accepted Answer

A)  cracks where some displacement of the rock occurred. 
B)  cracks where no displacement of the rock occurred. 
C)  fractures where some displacement has occurred. 
D)  fractures where no displacement has occurred. 
A)  cracks where some displacement of the rock occurred. 
B)  cracks where no displacement of the rock occurred. 
C)  fractures where some displacement has occurred. 
D)  fractures where no displacement has occurred.

Question 18

How do you describe broken rocks?

Accepted Answer

"Geologists also use special terms to de

Question 19

Movement along a dip-slip fault causes an abrupt vertical displacement of the ground surface called a fault scarp.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Figure 11.14  
-In a sandbox with a crankable division, which of the following may be illustrated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal faults fold in the area under compression and reverse faults form where the sand is pressed together. 
B)  Normal faults fold in the area under tension and reverse faults form where the sand is given more space. 
C)  Normal faults fold in the area under compression and reverse faults form where the sand is given more space. 
D)  Normal faults fold in the area under tension and reverse faults form where the sand is pressed together. 
A)  Normal faults fold in the area under compression and reverse faults form where the sand is pressed together. 
B)  Normal faults fold in the area under tension and reverse faults form where the sand is given more space. 
C)  Normal faults fold in the area under compression and reverse faults form where the sand is given more space. 
D)  Normal faults fold in the area under tension and reverse faults form where the sand is pressed together.

Exam 11: Deformation of Rocks

In an earthquake, what causes the most damage and deaths?

A seismic station records an earthquake that has a maximum surface wave amplitude of 50 mm and the S-wave arrives 2 seconds after the P-wave. The Richter magnitude of this earthquake is

Arched folds where limbs dip away from the hinge line are called

Magnitude is:

Cracks where displacement of rock has occurred are called

Why are some faults named "reverse" faults?

Why do rocks deform?

The word "graben" originates from

What are the different kinds of faults?

The block of rock above an inclined fault plane is called the ________.

The oldest rocks are exposed along the axis of

What is the downside of using moment magnitude as an earthquake measurement?

The elastic rebound theory explains earthquakes as sudden brittle failure following the buildup of elastic strain.

"Tsunami" refers to

Intensity measures the violence of ground shaking during an earthquake in terms of the extent to which people felt the earthquake.

Put the steps in the correct order. 1. Stress exceeds rock yield strength. 2. Potential energy is released as motion energy. 3. Strong rocks absorb large stresses during elastic strain. 4. Rock breaks.

Joints are:

How do you describe broken rocks?

Movement along a dip-slip fault causes an abrupt vertical displacement of the ground surface called a fault scarp.

Figure 11.14 -In a sandbox with a crankable division, which of the following may be illustrated?

Why Study Earth

Minerals: Building Blocks of the Planet

Rocks and Rock-Forming Processes

Formation of Magma and Igneous Rocks

Formation of Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Formation of Metamorphic Rocks

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Making Earth

Motion Inside Earth

Global Tectonics: Plates and Plumes

Tectonics and Surface Relief

Soil Formation and Landscape Stability

Mass Movements: Landscapes in Motion

Streams: Flowing Water Shapes the Landscape

Water Flowing Underground

Glaciers: Cold-Climate Sculptors of Continents

Shorelines: Changing Landscapes Where Land Meets Sea

Wind: a Global Geologic Process

Global Warming: Real Time Change in the Earth System

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