Question 1

Which factor contributes most to icebergs breaking away from glaciers?

Accepted Answer

A)  wave action 
B)  melting 
C)  sedimentation 
D)  freezing 
A)  wave action 
B)  melting 
C)  sedimentation 
D)  freezing

Question 2

What does the profile of a glacial valley look like?

Accepted Answer

A)  V-shaped 
B)  U-shaped 
C)  irregularly eroded 
D)  broad bottomed with overhangs 
A)  V-shaped 
B)  U-shaped 
C)  irregularly eroded 
D)  broad bottomed with overhangs

Question 3

Kettle lakes form by

Accepted Answer

A)  melting blocks of ice. 
B)  abrasion of ice. 
C)  meltwater action under ice. 
D)  plucking of huge rocks. 
A)  melting blocks of ice. 
B)  abrasion of ice. 
C)  meltwater action under ice. 
D)  plucking of huge rocks.

Question 4

Which depositional landform is described as a long, steep-sided curving ridge of alluvium that filled an ice tunnel beneath a glacier and was left behind when the glacier melted?

Accepted Answer

A)  moraine 
B)  kame 
C)  esker 
D)  drumlin 
A)  moraine 
B)  kame 
C)  esker 
D)  drumlin

Question 5

Evaluate the following statement. "Human activities contributing to global warming could cause the oceans to switch to ice-age mode."

Accepted Answer

A)  This statement is true. 
B)  This statement is false. Changes in human behavior will alleviate any global warming trends. 
C)  This statement is false. Ice ages only begin when Earth is a certain distance from the Sun. 
D)  This statement is partially true. Global warming may cause a change in the oceans, but it is a natural process that is unrelated to human activity. 
A)  This statement is true. 
B)  This statement is false. Changes in human behavior will alleviate any global warming trends. 
C)  This statement is false. Ice ages only begin when Earth is a certain distance from the Sun. 
D)  This statement is partially true. Global warming may cause a change in the oceans, but it is a natural process that is unrelated to human activity.

Question 6

Sediment carried away from a glacier by meltwater streams is called

Accepted Answer

A)  till. 
B)  outwash. 
C)  unsorted sediment. 
D)  erratics. 
A)  till. 
B)  outwash. 
C)  unsorted sediment. 
D)  erratics.

Question 7

Which depositional landform is named after a Gaelic word meaning "rounded hill"?

Accepted Answer

A)  moraine 
B)  kame 
C)  esker 
D)  drumlin 
A)  moraine 
B)  kame 
C)  esker 
D)  drumlin

Question 8

The interiors of glaciers are made up of ice that is

Accepted Answer

A)  soft and compact. 
B)  hard and compact. 
C)  soft and porous. 
D)  hard and porous. 
A)  soft and compact. 
B)  hard and compact. 
C)  soft and porous. 
D)  hard and porous.

Question 9

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. It is usually very easy to piece together a complete history of a regions older glaciations because the latest glacial advance typically preserves the older deposits.

Accepted Answer

A)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. 
B)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. 
C)  The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect. 
D)  The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct. 
E)  Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect. 
A)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. 
B)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. 
C)  The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect. 
D)  The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct. 
E)  Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

Question 10

What percent of Antarctica's wastage is due to iceberg formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  80% 
B)  60% 
C)  40% 
D)  20% 
A)  80% 
B)  60% 
C)  40% 
D)  20%

Question 11

A steep-sided amphitheater at the head of a glacially eroded valley is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  roche moutonee. 
B)  horn. 
C)  tarn. 
D)  cirque. 
A)  roche moutonee. 
B)  horn. 
C)  tarn. 
D)  cirque.

Question 12

Ice in a retreating glacier

Accepted Answer

A)  remains stationary. 
B)  moves downslope. 
C)  moves upslope. 
D)  may move downslope or upslope. 
A)  remains stationary. 
B)  moves downslope. 
C)  moves upslope. 
D)  may move downslope or upslope.

Question 13

The lower snowline of the past meant that

Accepted Answer

A)  glaciers existed at lower altitudes. 
B)  there were fewer glaciers. 
C)  there were glaciers at lower latitudes. 
D)  on average, there was less snow than there is today. 
A)  glaciers existed at lower altitudes. 
B)  there were fewer glaciers. 
C)  there were glaciers at lower latitudes. 
D)  on average, there was less snow than there is today.

Question 14

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. Oxygen 18 and Oxygen 16 are called stable isotopes because they are the stable products of radioactive decay.

Accepted Answer

A)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. 
B)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. 
C)  The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect. 
D)  The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct. 
E)  Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect. 
A)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. 
B)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. 
C)  The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect. 
D)  The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct. 
E)  Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

Question 15

The boundary between the zone of accumulation and the zone of wastage is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  wastage line. 
B)  accumulation line. 
C)  glacial line. 
D)  snowline. 
A)  wastage line. 
B)  accumulation line. 
C)  glacial line. 
D)  snowline.

Question 16

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. Glacial ice flows because if forms by metamorphism.

Accepted Answer

A)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. 
B)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. 
C)  The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect. 
D)  The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct. 
E)  Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect. 
A)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. 
B)  The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. 
C)  The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect. 
D)  The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct. 
E)  Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

Question 17

How do glaciers move?

Accepted Answer

A)  uniformly, as one rigid chunk 
B)  faster at the edges and slower in the middle 
C)  faster in the middle and slower at the edges 
D)  faster on top, slower in the middle, and faster on the bottom 
A)  uniformly, as one rigid chunk 
B)  faster at the edges and slower in the middle 
C)  faster in the middle and slower at the edges 
D)  faster on top, slower in the middle, and faster on the bottom

Question 18

A small, unconfined glacier is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  a moraine. 
B)  an ice cap. 
C)  an ice sheet. 
D)  a valley glacier. 
A)  a moraine. 
B)  an ice cap. 
C)  an ice sheet. 
D)  a valley glacier.

Question 19

Most of Minnesota's lakes are

Accepted Answer

A)  formed by outwash streams. 
B)  formed by blockage of a valley with an end moraine. 
C)  formed by glacial overdeepening. 
D)  kettle lakes. 
A)  formed by outwash streams. 
B)  formed by blockage of a valley with an end moraine. 
C)  formed by glacial overdeepening. 
D)  kettle lakes.

Question 20

What agent polishes rocks smooth as a glacier passes?

Accepted Answer

A)  meltwater 
B)  glacial flour 
C)  ice 
D)  transported pebbles 
A)  meltwater 
B)  glacial flour 
C)  ice 
D)  transported pebbles

Exam 18: Glaciers: Cold-Climate Sculptors of Continents

Which factor contributes most to icebergs breaking away from glaciers?

What does the profile of a glacial valley look like?

Kettle lakes form by

Which depositional landform is described as a long, steep-sided curving ridge of alluvium that filled an ice tunnel beneath a glacier and was left behind when the glacier melted?

Evaluate the following statement. "Human activities contributing to global warming could cause the oceans to switch to ice-age mode."

Sediment carried away from a glacier by meltwater streams is called

Which depositional landform is named after a Gaelic word meaning "rounded hill"?

The interiors of glaciers are made up of ice that is

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. It is usually very easy to piece together a complete history of a regions older glaciations because the latest glacial advance typically preserves the older deposits.

What percent of Antarctica's wastage is due to iceberg formation?

A steep-sided amphitheater at the head of a glacially eroded valley is called a

Ice in a retreating glacier

The lower snowline of the past meant that

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. Oxygen 18 and Oxygen 16 are called stable isotopes because they are the stable products of radioactive decay.

The boundary between the zone of accumulation and the zone of wastage is called the

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. Glacial ice flows because if forms by metamorphism.

How do glaciers move?

A small, unconfined glacier is known as

Most of Minnesota's lakes are

What agent polishes rocks smooth as a glacier passes?

Why Study Earth

Minerals: Building Blocks of the Planet

Rocks and Rock-Forming Processes

Formation of Magma and Igneous Rocks

Formation of Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Formation of Metamorphic Rocks

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Making Earth

Motion Inside Earth

Deformation of Rocks

Global Tectonics: Plates and Plumes

Tectonics and Surface Relief

Soil Formation and Landscape Stability

Mass Movements: Landscapes in Motion

Streams: Flowing Water Shapes the Landscape

Water Flowing Underground

Shorelines: Changing Landscapes Where Land Meets Sea

Wind: a Global Geologic Process

Global Warming: Real Time Change in the Earth System

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