Question 1

For a glacier to float in water, the water must be

Accepted Answer

A)  at least 10 m deep. 
B)  almost as deep as the iceberg is thick. 
C)  half as deep as the iceberg is thick. 
D)  two times as deep as the iceberg is thick. 
A)  at least 10 m deep. 
B)  almost as deep as the iceberg is thick. 
C)  half as deep as the iceberg is thick. 
D)  two times as deep as the iceberg is thick.

Question 2

Evaluate the statement. "Lateral moraines may form at any glacier."

Accepted Answer

A)  This statement is true. 
B)  This statement is true, but only under certain favorable conditions. 
C)  This statement is false. Lateral moraines form only at ice caps. 
D)  This statement is false. Lateral moraines form only at valley glaciers. 
A)  This statement is true. 
B)  This statement is true, but only under certain favorable conditions. 
C)  This statement is false. Lateral moraines form only at ice caps. 
D)  This statement is false. Lateral moraines form only at valley glaciers.

Question 3

When is the earliest time that scientists believe that people may have migrated to the west coast of North America from Asia?

Accepted Answer

A)  100,000 years ago 
B)  41,000 years ago 
C)  22,000 years ago 
D)  12,000 years ago 
A)  100,000 years ago 
B)  41,000 years ago 
C)  22,000 years ago 
D)  12,000 years ago

Question 4

An elongate bedrock ridge eroded by a glacier parallel to the direction of glacier movement is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  horn. 
B)  arete. 
C)  cirque. 
D)  roche moutonee. 
A)  horn. 
B)  arete. 
C)  cirque. 
D)  roche moutonee.

Question 5

Which event does not occur as snow metamorphoses into ice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grains pack more densely. 
B)  Grains become more pointed. 
C)  The ice becomes nonporous. 
D)  Ice molecules move past each other. 
A)  Grains pack more densely. 
B)  Grains become more pointed. 
C)  The ice becomes nonporous. 
D)  Ice molecules move past each other.

Question 6

Evaluate this statement. "Glacial meltwater is milky white due to air bubbles trapped in the water."

Accepted Answer

A)  This statement is true. 
B)  This statement is false. The color is due to glacial flour in the water. 
C)  This statement is false. The color is due to ice crystals. 
D)  This statement is partially true, because the milky-white color is also due to ice crystals. 
A)  This statement is true. 
B)  This statement is false. The color is due to glacial flour in the water. 
C)  This statement is false. The color is due to ice crystals. 
D)  This statement is partially true, because the milky-white color is also due to ice crystals.

Question 7

What fraction of North America was covered by ice at the peak of the last ice age?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/4 
B)  1/3 
C)  2/3 
D)  5/6 
A)  1/4 
B)  1/3 
C)  2/3 
D)  5/6

Question 8

Oxygen-isotope data has a pattern that led scientists to examine which other type of data in a search for the cause of ice ages?

Accepted Answer

A)  rock-isotope data 
B)  planetary-movement data 
C)  continental-movement data 
D)  sun-activity data 
A)  rock-isotope data 
B)  planetary-movement data 
C)  continental-movement data 
D)  sun-activity data

Question 9

What was the effect of glaciation on soil fertility?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increased fertility all over Canada. 
B)  It decreased fertility all over Canada. 
C)  It increased fertility in northern Canada, but decreased it in the Ohio River basin. 
D)  It decreased fertility in northern Canada, but increased it in the Ohio River basin. 
A)  It increased fertility all over Canada. 
B)  It decreased fertility all over Canada. 
C)  It increased fertility in northern Canada, but decreased it in the Ohio River basin. 
D)  It decreased fertility in northern Canada, but increased it in the Ohio River basin.

Question 10

Which is not a way that warm basal temperatures help glaciers slide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water recrystallizes in a denser form, resulting in more sliding. 
B)  Water lubricates the surface between the ice and the underlying rock by reducing friction. 
C)  Water reduces cohesion with underlying rock or regolith. 
D)  Water is pressurized by the weight of the ice and lifts the glacier off the regolith below. 
A)  Water recrystallizes in a denser form, resulting in more sliding. 
B)  Water lubricates the surface between the ice and the underlying rock by reducing friction. 
C)  Water reduces cohesion with underlying rock or regolith. 
D)  Water is pressurized by the weight of the ice and lifts the glacier off the regolith below.

Question 11

Ice moves ________ in the zone of accumulation and ________ in the zone of wastage.

Accepted Answer

A)  downward, upward 
B)  downward, downward 
C)  upward, downward 
D)  upward, upward 
A)  downward, upward 
B)  downward, downward 
C)  upward, downward 
D)  upward, upward

Question 12

Which landform is described as a steep-sided amphitheater depression or half bowl high on a mountain side at the head of a glacially eroded valley?

Accepted Answer

A)  an arete 
B)  a horn 
C)  a cirque 
D)  a tarn 
A)  an arete 
B)  a horn 
C)  a cirque 
D)  a tarn

Question 13

What is our primary evidence of past ice ages?

Accepted Answer

Erosion from glacier

Question 14

Accumulated rock-fall debris along the margin of a glacier is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a lateral moraine. 
B)  a medial moraine. 
C)  an esker. 
D)  a kame. 
A)  a lateral moraine. 
B)  a medial moraine. 
C)  an esker. 
D)  a kame.

Question 15

The formation of glacial ice forms at

Accepted Answer

A)  the same depth everywhere because the pressure of metamorphism cannot vary. 
B)  different depths depending on the how it forms. 
C)  different depths because the pressure of metamorphism can vary. 
D)  the same depths as long as the snowfall is constant in different regions. 
A)  the same depth everywhere because the pressure of metamorphism cannot vary. 
B)  different depths depending on the how it forms. 
C)  different depths because the pressure of metamorphism can vary. 
D)  the same depths as long as the snowfall is constant in different regions.

Question 16

Why does the ratio of oxygen 18 to oxygen 16 in the oceans increase during an ice age?

Accepted Answer

A)  More precipitated water remains on land instead of running back to the sea. 
B)  There is a different kind of radioactivity occurring in the ocean at the colder world temperatures. 
C)  There is a different kind of radioactivity occurring on land at the colder world temperatures. 
D)  Sea water freezes into glaciers. 
A)  More precipitated water remains on land instead of running back to the sea. 
B)  There is a different kind of radioactivity occurring in the ocean at the colder world temperatures. 
C)  There is a different kind of radioactivity occurring on land at the colder world temperatures. 
D)  Sea water freezes into glaciers.

Question 17

The isotopic record have peaks and troughs with a wavelength of all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  12,000 years. 
B)  23,000 years. 
C)  41,000 years. 
D)  100,000 years. 
A)  12,000 years. 
B)  23,000 years. 
C)  41,000 years. 
D)  100,000 years.

Question 18

What fraction of Earth's fresh water is held in the Great Lakes?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/20 
B)  1/10 
C)  1/5 
D)  1/2 
A)  1/20 
B)  1/10 
C)  1/5 
D)  1/2

Question 19

What are some ways that ice sheets modify the landscape?

Accepted Answer

Ice sheets scour bedrock and deposit til

Question 20

"All glacial ice must melt slightly before it can become denser." Evaluate this statement.

Accepted Answer

A)  This statement is true; especially in Alaska where summers are warm. 
B)  This statement is true. Glacial ice formed by melting and pressure becomes denser than water. 
C)  This statement is false. Snow can go through metamorphosis to ice over time without melting. 
D)  This statement is false. Glacial snow and ice may melt and reform, but they do not get denser. 
A)  This statement is true; especially in Alaska where summers are warm. 
B)  This statement is true. Glacial ice formed by melting and pressure becomes denser than water. 
C)  This statement is false. Snow can go through metamorphosis to ice over time without melting. 
D)  This statement is false. Glacial snow and ice may melt and reform, but they do not get denser.

Exam 18: Glaciers: Cold-Climate Sculptors of Continents

For a glacier to float in water, the water must be

Evaluate the statement. "Lateral moraines may form at any glacier."

When is the earliest time that scientists believe that people may have migrated to the west coast of North America from Asia?

An elongate bedrock ridge eroded by a glacier parallel to the direction of glacier movement is called a(n)

Which event does not occur as snow metamorphoses into ice?

Evaluate this statement. "Glacial meltwater is milky white due to air bubbles trapped in the water."

What fraction of North America was covered by ice at the peak of the last ice age?

Oxygen-isotope data has a pattern that led scientists to examine which other type of data in a search for the cause of ice ages?

What was the effect of glaciation on soil fertility?

Which is not a way that warm basal temperatures help glaciers slide?

Ice moves ________ in the zone of accumulation and ________ in the zone of wastage.

Which landform is described as a steep-sided amphitheater depression or half bowl high on a mountain side at the head of a glacially eroded valley?

What is our primary evidence of past ice ages?

Accumulated rock-fall debris along the margin of a glacier is called

The formation of glacial ice forms at

Why does the ratio of oxygen 18 to oxygen 16 in the oceans increase during an ice age?

The isotopic record have peaks and troughs with a wavelength of all of the following except

What fraction of Earth's fresh water is held in the Great Lakes?

What are some ways that ice sheets modify the landscape?

"All glacial ice must melt slightly before it can become denser." Evaluate this statement.

Why Study Earth

Minerals: Building Blocks of the Planet

Rocks and Rock-Forming Processes

Formation of Magma and Igneous Rocks

Formation of Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Formation of Metamorphic Rocks

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Making Earth

Motion Inside Earth

Deformation of Rocks

Global Tectonics: Plates and Plumes

Tectonics and Surface Relief

Soil Formation and Landscape Stability

Mass Movements: Landscapes in Motion

Streams: Flowing Water Shapes the Landscape

Water Flowing Underground

Shorelines: Changing Landscapes Where Land Meets Sea

Wind: a Global Geologic Process

Global Warming: Real Time Change in the Earth System

Filters

Ice moves in the zone of accumulation and in the zone of wastage.