Question 1

The nitrogen for nucleotide synthesis comes from

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates. 
B) fats. 
C) proteins. 
D) DNA. 
E) RNA. 
A) carbohydrates. 
B) fats. 
C) proteins. 
D) DNA. 
E) RNA.

Question 2

Fats are higher in caloric value than carbohydrates because

Accepted Answer

A) 1 gram of fat produces significantly more ATP than 1 gram of glucose. 
B) fats can make use of the citric acid cycle. 
C) fats make use of β oxidation. 
D) 1 gram of glucose weighs more than 1 gram of fat. 
E) 1 gram of glucose contains more moles than 1 gram of fat. 
A) 1 gram of fat produces significantly more ATP than 1 gram of glucose. 
B) fats can make use of the citric acid cycle. 
C) fats make use of β oxidation. 
D) 1 gram of glucose weighs more than 1 gram of fat. 
E) 1 gram of glucose contains more moles than 1 gram of fat.

Question 3

In the activation of a fatty acid, energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to

Accepted Answer

A) form a double bond in an oxidation reaction. 
B) join the fatty acid to CoA. 
C) add a molecule of water across a double bond to give a hydroxyl group on the β carbon. 
D) oxidize the hydroxyl group on the β carbon. 
E) cause a unit of acetyl CoA to separate from the fatty acid chain. 
A) form a double bond in an oxidation reaction. 
B) join the fatty acid to CoA. 
C) add a molecule of water across a double bond to give a hydroxyl group on the β carbon. 
D) oxidize the hydroxyl group on the β carbon. 
E) cause a unit of acetyl CoA to separate from the fatty acid chain.

Question 4

The action of pancreatic lipase on triacylglycerols produces

Accepted Answer

A) emulsions. 
B) micelles. 
C) monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids. 
D) high-density lipoproteins. 
E) low-density lipoproteins. 
A) emulsions. 
B) micelles. 
C) monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids. 
D) high-density lipoproteins. 
E) low-density lipoproteins.

Question 5

In mammals, the ammonium ion produced in oxidative deamination is

Accepted Answer

A) excreted in the feces. 
B) stored in the liver. 
C) converted to uric acid, which is excreted in the urine. 
D) converted to urea, which is excreted in the urine. 
E) converted to uric acid, which is excreted by the liver. 
A) excreted in the feces. 
B) stored in the liver. 
C) converted to uric acid, which is excreted in the urine. 
D) converted to urea, which is excreted in the urine. 
E) converted to uric acid, which is excreted by the liver.

Question 6

The function of fatty acyl CoA is to

Accepted Answer

A) activate a fatty acid for metabolism. 
B) produce a 2-carbon segment for metabolism. 
C) isomerize cis fatty acids. 
D) cross the blood-brain barrier. 
E) produce a lipoprotein. 
A) activate a fatty acid for metabolism. 
B) produce a 2-carbon segment for metabolism. 
C) isomerize cis fatty acids. 
D) cross the blood-brain barrier. 
E) produce a lipoprotein.

Question 7

The digestion of protein begins in the

Accepted Answer

A) mouth. 
B) stomach. 
C) small intestine. 
D) large intestine. 
E) pancreas. 
A) mouth. 
B) stomach. 
C) small intestine. 
D) large intestine. 
E) pancreas.

Question 8

Protein digestion begins in the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Ketosis is a condition that can occur if

Accepted Answer

A) ketone bodies cannot be completely metabolized. 
B) too many ketones are ingested. 
C) too much protein is available in the diet. 
D) the brain is starved of glucose. 
E) low fat intake occurs. 
A) ketone bodies cannot be completely metabolized. 
B) too many ketones are ingested. 
C) too much protein is available in the diet. 
D) the brain is starved of glucose. 
E) low fat intake occurs.

Question 10

The series of reactions that produces energy by hydrolyzing fats to units of acetyl CoA is called

Accepted Answer

A) transamination. 
B) β oxidation. 
C) hydration. 
D) hydrolysis. 
E) β reduction. 
A) transamination. 
B) β oxidation. 
C) hydration. 
D) hydrolysis. 
E) β reduction.

Question 11

Most of the energy stored in the human body is in the form of

Accepted Answer

A) glycogen. 
B) glucose. 
C) muscle tissue. 
D) triacylglycerols. 
E) the amino acid pool. 
A) glycogen. 
B) glucose. 
C) muscle tissue. 
D) triacylglycerols. 
E) the amino acid pool.

Question 12

The 2-carbon segments removed from a fatty acid during metabolism are used to form

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) lactate. 
D) CoA. 
E) acetyl CoA. 
A) glucose. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) lactate. 
D) CoA. 
E) acetyl CoA.

Question 13

The coenzyme(s) used in fatty acid synthesis is (are)

Accepted Answer

A) NADH. 
B) FADH2. 
C) NADPH. 
D) NADH and NADPH. 
E) FADH2 and NADH. 
A) NADH. 
B) FADH2. 
C) NADPH. 
D) NADH and NADPH. 
E) FADH2 and NADH.

Question 14

The digestion of fats begins when the fat globules are

Accepted Answer

A) emulsified by bile salts. 
B) attacked by protease enzymes to form smaller fat globules. 
C) converted to lipoproteins for greater solubility. 
D) hydrolyzed to glucose and amino acids. 
E) hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids. 
A) emulsified by bile salts. 
B) attacked by protease enzymes to form smaller fat globules. 
C) converted to lipoproteins for greater solubility. 
D) hydrolyzed to glucose and amino acids. 
E) hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 15

The enzymes that break down triacylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerol are called

Accepted Answer

A) lyases. 
B) aconitases. 
C) lipases. 
D) hydrolases. 
E) oxidoreductases. 
A) lyases. 
B) aconitases. 
C) lipases. 
D) hydrolases. 
E) oxidoreductases.

Question 16

In a(n) ________ reaction, NH₄ +is produced when glutamate is converted to α-ketoglutarate.

Accepted Answer

A) dehydrogenation 
B) transamination 
C) oxidative deamination 
D) reduction 
E) hydration 
A) dehydrogenation 
B) transamination 
C) oxidative deamination 
D) reduction 
E) hydration

Question 17

The heart muscle's primary source of fuel is

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) amino acids. 
D) glycogen. 
E) lactate. 
A) glucose. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) amino acids. 
D) glycogen. 
E) lactate.

Question 18

Fatty acids can be used in the brain as an energy source.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The overall process of synthesizing and breaking down proteins is called protein turnover.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Fatty acid synthesis takes place primarily in

Accepted Answer

A) liver cells. 
B) intestinal cells. 
C) brain cells. 
D) muscle cells. 
E) adipocytes. 
A) liver cells. 
B) intestinal cells. 
C) brain cells. 
D) muscle cells. 
E) adipocytes.

Exam 24: Metabolic Pathways for Lipids and Amino Acids

The nitrogen for nucleotide synthesis comes from

Fats are higher in caloric value than carbohydrates because

In the activation of a fatty acid, energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to

The action of pancreatic lipase on triacylglycerols produces

In mammals, the ammonium ion produced in oxidative deamination is

The function of fatty acyl CoA is to

The digestion of protein begins in the

Protein digestion begins in the small intestine.

Ketosis is a condition that can occur if

The series of reactions that produces energy by hydrolyzing fats to units of acetyl CoA is called

Most of the energy stored in the human body is in the form of

The 2-carbon segments removed from a fatty acid during metabolism are used to form

The coenzyme(s) used in fatty acid synthesis is (are)

The digestion of fats begins when the fat globules are

The enzymes that break down triacylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerol are called

In a(n) ________ reaction, NH₄ +is produced when glutamate is converted to α-ketoglutarate.

The heart muscle's primary source of fuel is

Fatty acids can be used in the brain as an energy source.

The overall process of synthesizing and breaking down proteins is called protein turnover.

Fatty acid synthesis takes place primarily in

Chemistry in Our Lives

Chemistry and Measurements

Energy and Matter

Atoms

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Chemical Reactions and Quantities

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Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium

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Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

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Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

Carbohydrates

Carboxylic Acids and Esters

Lipids

Amines and Amides

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates

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