Question 1

Chylomicrons consist of bile salts and lipids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Nonessential amino acids can be made by transamination.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

The digestion of fats begins in the

Accepted Answer

A) mouth. 
B) stomach. 
C) small intestine. 
D) large intestine. 
E) pancreas. 
A) mouth. 
B) stomach. 
C) small intestine. 
D) large intestine. 
E) pancreas. C

Question 4

Leptin is

Accepted Answer

A) a digestive enzyme. 
B) a cofactor for fatty acid oxidation. 
C) an obesity gene. 
D) a zymogen. 
E) a hormone stored in fat cells. 
A) a digestive enzyme. 
B) a cofactor for fatty acid oxidation. 
C) an obesity gene. 
D) a zymogen. 
E) a hormone stored in fat cells.

Question 5

Fat cells are known as

Accepted Answer

A) lysosomes. 
B) adipocytes. 
C) glycerides. 
D) islet cells. 
E) monoacylglycerols. 
A) lysosomes. 
B) adipocytes. 
C) glycerides. 
D) islet cells. 
E) monoacylglycerols.

Question 6

Which metabolic substrate can be produced from the carbon atoms in the amino acid lysine?

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate 
B) succinyl CoA 
C) acetoacetyl CoA 
D) fumarate 
A) pyruvate 
B) succinyl CoA 
C) acetoacetyl CoA 
D) fumarate

Question 7

Each acetyl CoA produces ________ ATP in the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 6 
C) 10 
D) 12 
E) 24 
A) 2 
B) 6 
C) 10 
D) 12 
E) 24

Question 8

Ammonium ions and carbon dioxide produce urea in the urea cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

During complete oxidation of the fatty acid CH₃(CH2)18COOH, ________ molecules of acetyl CoA are produced, and the fatty acid goes through the β-oxidation cycle ________ times.

Accepted Answer

A) ten; ten 
B) nine; ten 
C) nine; nine 
D) nine; eight 
E) ten; nine 
A) ten; ten 
B) nine; ten 
C) nine; nine 
D) nine; eight 
E) ten; nine

Question 10

Most of the glycerol produced by fatty acid breakdown is converted eventually to

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) protein. 
C) fat. 
D) lactate. 
E) amino acids. 
A) glucose. 
B) protein. 
C) fat. 
D) lactate. 
E) amino acids.

Question 11

Beta-oxidation takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus. 
B) cytosol. 
C) cytoplasm. 
D) mitochondrial matrix. 
E) Golgi body. 
A) nucleus. 
B) cytosol. 
C) cytoplasm. 
D) mitochondrial matrix. 
E) Golgi body.

Question 12

The production of new triacylglycerols is termed ketogenesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Ketosis can lower the blood pH below 7.4, producing the condition

Accepted Answer

A) anemia. 
B) hyponatremia. 
C) hypokalemia. 
D) acidosis. 
E) alkalosis. 
A) anemia. 
B) hyponatremia. 
C) hypokalemia. 
D) acidosis. 
E) alkalosis.

Question 14

Malonyl CoA contains a 3-carbon compound used in

Accepted Answer

A) lipogenesis. 
B) acetyl CoA formation. 
C) gluconeogenesis. 
D) glycogenolysis. 
E) the citric acid cycle. 
A) lipogenesis. 
B) acetyl CoA formation. 
C) gluconeogenesis. 
D) glycogenolysis. 
E) the citric acid cycle.

Question 15

Each acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle yields 10 ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Fatty acyl CoA cannot cross into the mitochondrial matrix until

Accepted Answer

A) it is cut into 2-carbon segments. 
B) the citric acid cycle has begun. 
C) β oxidation has taken place. 
D) the mitochondrial membrane undergoes a modification. 
E) it binds with a charged carrier molecule called carnitine. 
A) it is cut into 2-carbon segments. 
B) the citric acid cycle has begun. 
C) β oxidation has taken place. 
D) the mitochondrial membrane undergoes a modification. 
E) it binds with a charged carrier molecule called carnitine.

Question 17

Fatty acids are not a source of energy for the brain because

Accepted Answer

A) they cannot diffuse across the blood-brain barrier. 
B) the citric acid cycle does not operate in the brain. 
C) chylomicrons are too large for absorption by brain cells. 
D) they are metabolized before they get as far as the brain. 
E) there is no lipase in the brain. 
A) they cannot diffuse across the blood-brain barrier. 
B) the citric acid cycle does not operate in the brain. 
C) chylomicrons are too large for absorption by brain cells. 
D) they are metabolized before they get as far as the brain. 
E) there is no lipase in the brain.

Question 18

The source of energy for red blood cells is

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) glycerol. 
D) glucose. 
E) lactate. 
A) amino acids. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) glycerol. 
D) glucose. 
E) lactate.

Question 19

β oxidation adds two-carbon segments to a fatty acid chain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A low level of acetyl CoA in the cell leads to ketogenesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 24: Metabolic Pathways for Lipids and Amino Acids

Chylomicrons consist of bile salts and lipids.

Nonessential amino acids can be made by transamination.

The digestion of fats begins in the

Leptin is

Fat cells are known as

Which metabolic substrate can be produced from the carbon atoms in the amino acid lysine?

Each acetyl CoA produces ________ ATP in the citric acid cycle.

Ammonium ions and carbon dioxide produce urea in the urea cycle.

During complete oxidation of the fatty acid CH₃(CH2)18COOH, ________ molecules of acetyl CoA are produced, and the fatty acid goes through the β-oxidation cycle ________ times.

Most of the glycerol produced by fatty acid breakdown is converted eventually to

Beta-oxidation takes place in the

The production of new triacylglycerols is termed ketogenesis.

Ketosis can lower the blood pH below 7.4, producing the condition

Malonyl CoA contains a 3-carbon compound used in

Each acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle yields 10 ATP.

Fatty acyl CoA cannot cross into the mitochondrial matrix until

Fatty acids are not a source of energy for the brain because

The source of energy for red blood cells is

β oxidation adds two-carbon segments to a fatty acid chain.

A low level of acetyl CoA in the cell leads to ketogenesis.

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During complete oxidation of the fatty acid CH₃(CH₂)₁₈COOH, molecules of acetyl CoA are produced, and the fatty acid goes through the β-oxidation cycle times.