Question 1

Which statement regarding the evolution of multicellularity is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multicellularity may have arisen by the staying together or the coming together routes. 
B)  The staying together route is also known as the clonal route. 
C)  The staying together route is much more common than the coming together route. 
D)  Most plants and animals are thought to have evolved through the coming together route. 
A)  Multicellularity may have arisen by the staying together or the coming together routes. 
B)  The staying together route is also known as the clonal route. 
C)  The staying together route is much more common than the coming together route. 
D)  Most plants and animals are thought to have evolved through the coming together route.

Question 2

A somatic cell is

Accepted Answer

A)  a body cell that is responsible for growth and maintenance. 
B)  a cell specialized for reproduction. 
C)  one of the cells that produces spores in slime mold-fruiting bodies. 
D)  a cell that has four membranes around it. 
A)  a body cell that is responsible for growth and maintenance. 
B)  a cell specialized for reproduction. 
C)  one of the cells that produces spores in slime mold-fruiting bodies. 
D)  a cell that has four membranes around it.

Question 3

The eukaryotic nucleus likely originated from a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondrion. 
B)  archaeal cell. 
C)  bacterium. 
D)  proteobacterium. 
A)  mitochondrion. 
B)  archaeal cell. 
C)  bacterium. 
D)  proteobacterium.

Question 4

In studying transitions, why is it necessary to focus on the advantages to individuals and not the overall group advantage?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection operates on

Question 5

Looking at the figure, how many times has multicellularity evolved?

Accepted Answer

A)  once 
B)  twice 
C)  three times 
D)  at least six times 
A)  once 
B)  twice 
C)  three times 
D)  at least six times

Question 6

What is the chemical signal for slime mold amoebas to aggregate?

Accepted Answer

A)  cAMP 
B)  cCMP 
C)  cGMP 
D)  cTMP 
A)  cAMP 
B)  cCMP 
C)  cGMP 
D)  cTMP

Question 7

Which of the following is an advantage of the economy of scale?

Accepted Answer

A)  division of labor 
B)  more individuals per group 
C)  sexual reproduction 
D)  multicellularity 
A)  division of labor 
B)  more individuals per group 
C)  sexual reproduction 
D)  multicellularity

Question 8

Economies of scale occur in major transitions when

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals aggregate. 
B)  groups can perform tasks more efficiently than individuals. 
C)  cell-type number increases. 
D)  genes become genetically imprinted. 
A)  individuals aggregate. 
B)  groups can perform tasks more efficiently than individuals. 
C)  cell-type number increases. 
D)  genes become genetically imprinted.

Question 9

According to the endosymbiotic theory, early eukaryotes acquired the mitochondrion from a symbiotic bacterium. What happened to the bacterial genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the bacterial genes were transferred to the nuclear genome. 
B)  All of the bacterial genes still exist and comprise the mitochondrial genome. 
C)  All of the bacterial genes still exist and comprise the chloroplast genome. 
D)  Some bacterial genes were transferred to the nucleus, some were lost, and some comprise the mitochondrial genome. 
A)  All of the bacterial genes were transferred to the nuclear genome. 
B)  All of the bacterial genes still exist and comprise the mitochondrial genome. 
C)  All of the bacterial genes still exist and comprise the chloroplast genome. 
D)  Some bacterial genes were transferred to the nucleus, some were lost, and some comprise the mitochondrial genome.

Question 10

Which of the following is characteristic of an individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is multicellular. 
B)  It forms a group. 
C)  It is an integrated and indivisible whole. 
D)  It is eukaryotic. 
A)  It is multicellular. 
B)  It forms a group. 
C)  It is an integrated and indivisible whole. 
D)  It is eukaryotic.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a reason that volvocine algae are ideal for studying the evolution of individuality?

Accepted Answer

A)  They transitioned to multicellularity relatively recently. 
B)  Within the group, there are multiple, separate transitions to germ and soma lines. 
C)  The group exhibits extensive variation in its degree of multicellularity. 
D)  They readily form aggregate slugs. 
A)  They transitioned to multicellularity relatively recently. 
B)  Within the group, there are multiple, separate transitions to germ and soma lines. 
C)  The group exhibits extensive variation in its degree of multicellularity. 
D)  They readily form aggregate slugs.

Question 12

Describe two evolutionary costs and two benefits of group living.

Accepted Answer

Benefits of group living include forage-

Question 13

According to the figure, which of the following relationships between pairs of taxa and relating number of cell types is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hominidae < Aves 
B)  Cephalopoda < Actinopterygii 
C)  Cnidaria < Porifera 
D)  Amphibia < Echinodermata 
A)  Hominidae < Aves 
B)  Cephalopoda < Actinopterygii 
C)  Cnidaria < Porifera 
D)  Amphibia < Echinodermata

Question 14

Why does genetic imprinting inhibit parthenogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Genetic imprinting is the differential e

Question 15

Wilson (1980) defined a social group as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a group of individuals that are always together 
B)  a group of conspecific individuals that affect each other's fitness 
C)  a group that forages together 
D)  a group that participates in communal raising of offspring 
A)  a group of individuals that are always together 
B)  a group of conspecific individuals that affect each other's fitness 
C)  a group that forages together 
D)  a group that participates in communal raising of offspring

Question 16

Transfer of genes between organelles and the nucleus

Accepted Answer

A)  occurred only in the distant past. 
B)  only happens between the mitochondria and the nucleus. 
C)  only happens between the chloroplast and the nucleus. 
D)  is ongoing. 
A)  occurred only in the distant past. 
B)  only happens between the mitochondria and the nucleus. 
C)  only happens between the chloroplast and the nucleus. 
D)  is ongoing.

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding complexity is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolution always progresses toward complexity. 
B)  Complexity, once gained, cannot be lost. 
C)  Modern bacteria and archaea are vastly more complex than ancestral forms. 
D)  Complexity, once gained, can be lost. 
A)  Evolution always progresses toward complexity. 
B)  Complexity, once gained, cannot be lost. 
C)  Modern bacteria and archaea are vastly more complex than ancestral forms. 
D)  Complexity, once gained, can be lost.

Question 18

Differentiate between the coming together and staying together routes posited by evolutionary biologists as leading to multicellularity.

Accepted Answer

The basic idea behind the staying togeth

Question 19

Which of the following statements about multicellularity is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Major eukaryotic groups either contain only multicellular or only unicellular species. 
B)  Eukaryotes became multicellular upon endosymbiosis with bacteria. 
C)  Multicellularity has evolved many times in eukaryotes. 
D)  Multicellularity is always advantageous for the individual. 
A)  Major eukaryotic groups either contain only multicellular or only unicellular species. 
B)  Eukaryotes became multicellular upon endosymbiosis with bacteria. 
C)  Multicellularity has evolved many times in eukaryotes. 
D)  Multicellularity is always advantageous for the individual.

Question 20

Charles and Mary Brown have demonstrated that as cliff swallow colony size increases, the number of nests with one or more unhatched eggs decreases. They have also demonstrated that as the size of colony increases, the number of parasites increases, and these parasites cause nest failures and juvenile mortality. These two observations indicate that there are trade-offs in group living. What would be a better measure than unhatched eggs to understand the benefits of group living in cliff swallows?

Accepted Answer

Measuring overall nest success in relati

Which statement regarding the evolution of multicellularity is FALSE?

A somatic cell is

The eukaryotic nucleus likely originated from a(n)

In studying transitions, why is it necessary to focus on the advantages to individuals and not the overall group advantage?

Looking at the figure, how many times has multicellularity evolved?

What is the chemical signal for slime mold amoebas to aggregate?

Which of the following is an advantage of the economy of scale?

Economies of scale occur in major transitions when

According to the endosymbiotic theory, early eukaryotes acquired the mitochondrion from a symbiotic bacterium. What happened to the bacterial genes?

Which of the following is characteristic of an individual?

Which of the following is NOT a reason that volvocine algae are ideal for studying the evolution of individuality?

Describe two evolutionary costs and two benefits of group living.

According to the figure, which of the following relationships between pairs of taxa and relating number of cell types is correct?

Why does genetic imprinting inhibit parthenogenesis?

Wilson (1980) defined a social group as which of the following?

Transfer of genes between organelles and the nucleus

Which of the following statements regarding complexity is true?

Differentiate between the coming together and staying together routes posited by evolutionary biologists as leading to multicellularity.

Which of the following statements about multicellularity is true?

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwin S Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Human Evolution

Evolution and Medicine

Filters

Exam 12: Major Transitions

Which statement regarding the evolution of multicellularity is FALSE?

A somatic cell is

The eukaryotic nucleus likely originated from a(n)

In studying transitions, why is it necessary to focus on the advantages to individuals and not the overall group advantage?

Looking at the figure, how many times has multicellularity evolved?

What is the chemical signal for slime mold amoebas to aggregate?

Which of the following is an advantage of the economy of scale?

Economies of scale occur in major transitions when

According to the endosymbiotic theory, early eukaryotes acquired the mitochondrion from a symbiotic bacterium. What happened to the bacterial genes?

Which of the following is characteristic of an individual?

Which of the following is NOT a reason that volvocine algae are ideal for studying the evolution of individuality?

Describe two evolutionary costs and two benefits of group living.

According to the figure, which of the following relationships between pairs of taxa and relating number of cell types is correct?

Why does genetic imprinting inhibit parthenogenesis?

Wilson (1980) defined a social group as which of the following?

Transfer of genes between organelles and the nucleus

Which of the following statements regarding complexity is true?

Differentiate between the coming together and staying together routes posited by evolutionary biologists as leading to multicellularity.

Which of the following statements about multicellularity is true?

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwin S Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Human Evolution

Evolution and Medicine

Filters