Question 1

In a normal distribution, _____ of the observations fall within one standard deviation of the mean.

Accepted Answer

A)  31.7% 
B)  68.3% 
C)  95.5% 
D)  98.3% 
E)  99.7% 
A)  31.7% 
B)  68.3% 
C)  95.5% 
D)  98.3% 
E)  99.7%

Question 2

Nitrogen export was greatest in streams draining watersheds from

Accepted Answer

A)  forested areas. 
B)  agricultural areas. 
C)  suburban areas. 
D)  urban areas. 
E)  Nitrogen export was similar in streams from forested, agricultural, suburban, and urban areas. 
A)  forested areas. 
B)  agricultural areas. 
C)  suburban areas. 
D)  urban areas. 
E)  Nitrogen export was similar in streams from forested, agricultural, suburban, and urban areas.

Question 3

Nitrogen enrichment of ecosystems by human activity is largely driven by

Accepted Answer

A)  addition of nitrogen fertilizers. 
B)  nitrogen pollution from burning of fossil fuels. 
C)  nitrogen fixation by bacteria in landfills. 
D)  Both addition of nitrogen fertilizers and nitrogen pollution from burning of fossil fuels. 
E)  Both addition of nitrogen fertilizers and nitrogen fixation by bacteria in landfills. 
A)  addition of nitrogen fertilizers. 
B)  nitrogen pollution from burning of fossil fuels. 
C)  nitrogen fixation by bacteria in landfills. 
D)  Both addition of nitrogen fertilizers and nitrogen pollution from burning of fossil fuels. 
E)  Both addition of nitrogen fertilizers and nitrogen fixation by bacteria in landfills.

Question 4

Spiraling length of nutrients in streams can be calculated as S = VT. In this equation,

Accepted Answer

A)  V represents nutrient concentration, and T represents water temperature. 
B)  V represents the speed of water flow, and T represents water temperature. 
C)  V represents the speed of water flow, and T represents the time required for nutrients to cycle. 
D)  V represents nutrient retentiveness, and T represents the time required for nutrients to cycle. 
E)  V represents nutrient retentiveness, and T represents species diversity. 
A)  V represents nutrient concentration, and T represents water temperature. 
B)  V represents the speed of water flow, and T represents water temperature. 
C)  V represents the speed of water flow, and T represents the time required for nutrients to cycle. 
D)  V represents nutrient retentiveness, and T represents the time required for nutrients to cycle. 
E)  V represents nutrient retentiveness, and T represents species diversity.

Question 5

Plants in low nutrient ecosystems tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  grow slowly and allocate more resources to shoots than roots. 
B)  grow rapidly and allocate more resources to shoots than roots. 
C)  grow rapidly and allocate more resources to roots than shoots. 
D)  grow slowly and allocate more resources to roots than shoots. 
E)  grow rapidly and allocate equal resources to roots and shoots. 
A)  grow slowly and allocate more resources to shoots than roots. 
B)  grow rapidly and allocate more resources to shoots than roots. 
C)  grow rapidly and allocate more resources to roots than shoots. 
D)  grow slowly and allocate more resources to roots than shoots. 
E)  grow rapidly and allocate equal resources to roots and shoots.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an agent of nitrogen fixation?

Accepted Answer

A)  mycorrhizal fungi 
B)  cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) 
C)  bacteria associated with legume roots 
D)  lightning 
E)  actinomycete bacteria associated with alder roots 
A)  mycorrhizal fungi 
B)  cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) 
C)  bacteria associated with legume roots 
D)  lightning 
E)  actinomycete bacteria associated with alder roots

Question 7

Nitrate is converted to molecular nitrogen, N2, in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen fixation. 
B)  ammonification. 
C)  denitrification. 
D)  nitrification. 
E)  nitrogen assimilation. 
A)  nitrogen fixation. 
B)  ammonification. 
C)  denitrification. 
D)  nitrification. 
E)  nitrogen assimilation.

Question 8

Vanni and colleagues found a positive correlation between the N:P ratios of fish and amphibians and their N:P excretion ratios in a tropical stream in Venezuela.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

"Nitrification" is the conversion of
Rev: 12_06_2013_QC_42091

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon compounds to nitrogen compounds. 
B)  nitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia (NH3). 
C)  ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-). 
D)  ammonia (NH3) to nitrogen gas (N2). 
E)  ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-). 
A)  carbon compounds to nitrogen compounds. 
B)  nitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia (NH3). 
C)  ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-). 
D)  ammonia (NH3) to nitrogen gas (N2). 
E)  ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-).

Question 10

The "denitrification" reaction converts nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas (N2) under aerobic conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The release of ammonium (NH4+) from decaying organic material is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

Question 12

High soil nutrient content usually leads to slower decomposition, because soil organisms have less need for nutrients of organic origin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In Judy Meyer and Gene Likens' study of phosphorus in Bear Brook,

Accepted Answer

A)  most phosphorus inputs occurred during spring snowmelt. 
B)  phosphorus inputs were nearly constant over the year. 
C)  most phosphorus losses occurred during autumn leaf fall. 
D)  most phosphorus losses occurred during storms and snowmelt. 
E)  phosphorus losses were nearly constant over the year. 
A)  most phosphorus inputs occurred during spring snowmelt. 
B)  phosphorus inputs were nearly constant over the year. 
C)  most phosphorus losses occurred during autumn leaf fall. 
D)  most phosphorus losses occurred during storms and snowmelt. 
E)  phosphorus losses were nearly constant over the year.

Question 14

Phosphorus is an important constituent of

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA. 
B)  bone tissue. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  ATP. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  DNA. 
B)  bone tissue. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  ATP. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

The largest reservoir of phosphorus in most ecosystems is phosphorus

Accepted Answer

A)  in the atmosphere. 
B)  dissolved in water. 
C)  in rocks and sediments. 
D)  bound in animal tissues. 
E)  bound in plant tissues. 
A)  in the atmosphere. 
B)  dissolved in water. 
C)  in rocks and sediments. 
D)  bound in animal tissues. 
E)  bound in plant tissues.

Question 16

The process of denitrification is

Accepted Answer

A)  energy-yielding and aerobic. 
B)  energy-releasing and aerobic. 
C)  energy-yielding and anaerobic. 
D)  energy-releasing and anaerobic. 
E)  energy-neutral and anaerobic. 
A)  energy-yielding and aerobic. 
B)  energy-releasing and aerobic. 
C)  energy-yielding and anaerobic. 
D)  energy-releasing and anaerobic. 
E)  energy-neutral and anaerobic.

In a normal distribution, _____ of the observations fall within one standard deviation of the mean.

Nitrogen export was greatest in streams draining watersheds from

Nitrogen enrichment of ecosystems by human activity is largely driven by

Spiraling length of nutrients in streams can be calculated as S = VT. In this equation,

Plants in low nutrient ecosystems tend to

Which of the following is NOT an agent of nitrogen fixation?

Nitrate is converted to molecular nitrogen, N₂, in a process called

Vanni and colleagues found a positive correlation between the N:P ratios of fish and amphibians and their N:P excretion ratios in a tropical stream in Venezuela.

"Nitrification" is the conversion of Rev: 12_06_2013_QC_42091

The "denitrification" reaction converts nitrate (NO₃^-) to nitrogen gas (N₂) under aerobic conditions.

The release of ammonium (NH₄⁺) from decaying organic material is called ____________.

High soil nutrient content usually leads to slower decomposition, because soil organisms have less need for nutrients of organic origin.

In Judy Meyer and Gene Likens' study of phosphorus in Bear Brook,

Phosphorus is an important constituent of

The largest reservoir of phosphorus in most ecosystems is phosphorus

The process of denitrification is

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Exam 19: Nutrient Cycling and Retention

In a normal distribution, _____ of the observations fall within one standard deviation of the mean.

Nitrogen export was greatest in streams draining watersheds from

Nitrogen enrichment of ecosystems by human activity is largely driven by

Spiraling length of nutrients in streams can be calculated as S = VT. In this equation,

Plants in low nutrient ecosystems tend to

Which of the following is NOT an agent of nitrogen fixation?

Nitrate is converted to molecular nitrogen, N2, in a process called

Vanni and colleagues found a positive correlation between the N:P ratios of fish and amphibians and their N:P excretion ratios in a tropical stream in Venezuela.

"Nitrification" is the conversion of Rev: 12_06_2013_QC_42091

The "denitrification" reaction converts nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas (N2) under aerobic conditions.

The release of ammonium (NH4+) from decaying organic material is called ____________.

High soil nutrient content usually leads to slower decomposition, because soil organisms have less need for nutrients of organic origin.

In Judy Meyer and Gene Likens' study of phosphorus in Bear Brook,

Phosphorus is an important constituent of

The largest reservoir of phosphorus in most ecosystems is phosphorus

The process of denitrification is

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Nitrate is converted to molecular nitrogen, N₂, in a process called

The "denitrification" reaction converts nitrate (NO₃^-) to nitrogen gas (N₂) under aerobic conditions.

The release of ammonium (NH₄⁺) from decaying organic material is called ____________.