Question 1

Acidity in human sweat is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  cell-mediated immune response. 
B)  antibody activation. 
C)  acquired immunity. 
D)  adaptive immunity. 
E)  innate immunity. 
A)  cell-mediated immune response. 
B)  antibody activation. 
C)  acquired immunity. 
D)  adaptive immunity. 
E)  innate immunity.

Question 2

The activation of helper T cells is likely

Accepted Answer

A)  when an antigen is displayed by a dendritic cell. 
B)  when a cytotoxic T cell releases cytokines. 
C)  when natural killer (NK) cells come in contact with a tumor cell. 
D)  in the bone marrow during the self-tolerance test. 
E)  when B cells respond to T-independent antigens. 
A)  when an antigen is displayed by a dendritic cell. 
B)  when a cytotoxic T cell releases cytokines. 
C)  when natural killer (NK) cells come in contact with a tumor cell. 
D)  in the bone marrow during the self-tolerance test. 
E)  when B cells respond to T-independent antigens.

Question 3

Preventing the appearance of the symptoms of an allergy attack would be the likely result of

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking the attachment of the IgE antibodies to the mast cells. 
B)  blocking the antigenic determinants of the IgM antibodies. 
C)  reducing the number of helper T cells in the body. 
D)  reducing the number of cytotoxic cells. 
E)  reducing the number of natural killer cells. 
A)  blocking the attachment of the IgE antibodies to the mast cells. 
B)  blocking the antigenic determinants of the IgM antibodies. 
C)  reducing the number of helper T cells in the body. 
D)  reducing the number of cytotoxic cells. 
E)  reducing the number of natural killer cells.

Question 4

Engulfing-phagocytic cells of innate immunity include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  natural killer cells. 
A)  neutrophils. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  natural killer cells.

Question 5

In the human disease known as lupus, there is an immune reaction against a patient's own DNA from broken or dying cells, which categorizes lupus as

Accepted Answer

A)  an allergy. 
B)  an immunodeficiency. 
C)  an autoimmune disease. 
D)  an antigenic variation. 
E)  a cancer. 
A)  an allergy. 
B)  an immunodeficiency. 
C)  an autoimmune disease. 
D)  an antigenic variation. 
E)  a cancer.

Question 6

The primary function of humoral immunity is

Accepted Answer

A)  to defend against fungi and protozoa. 
B)  to reject transplanted tissues. 
C)  to protect the body against cells that become cancerous. 
D)  to protect the body against extracellular pathogens. 
E)  to defend against bacteria and viruses that have already infected cells. 
A)  to defend against fungi and protozoa. 
B)  to reject transplanted tissues. 
C)  to protect the body against cells that become cancerous. 
D)  to protect the body against extracellular pathogens. 
E)  to defend against bacteria and viruses that have already infected cells.

Question 7

Mammals have Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that can recognize a kind of macromolecule that is absent from vertebrates but present in/on certain groups of pathogens, including viral

Accepted Answer

A)  lipopolysaccharides. 
B)  double-stranded DNA. 
C)  double-stranded RNA. 
D)  glycoproteins. 
E)  phospholipids. 
A)  lipopolysaccharides. 
B)  double-stranded DNA. 
C)  double-stranded RNA. 
D)  glycoproteins. 
E)  phospholipids.

Question 8

An invertebrate, such as an insect, has innate immunity activity in its intestine that likely includes

Accepted Answer

A)  complement. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  mucus. 
D)  neutrophils. 
E)  dendritic cells. 
A)  complement. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  mucus. 
D)  neutrophils. 
E)  dendritic cells.

Question 9

All cells have protein markers on their membranes, and the Rh antigen is found in the membranes of red blood cells. If a person possesses the Rh antigen on his or her red blood cells, it is indicated with a + sign. If a person does not possess the Rh antigen, it is indicated with a - sign. A, B, and O refer to the ABO blood groups.
   Figure 35.3
-Study the table in Figure 35.3. The mother could exhibit an anti-Rh factor reaction to the developing fetus in

Accepted Answer

A)  Case 1 only. 
B)  Case 3 only. 
C)  Cases 1 and 2 only. 
D)  Cases 1, 2, and 3. 
E)  It cannot be determined from the data given. 
A)  Case 1 only. 
B)  Case 3 only. 
C)  Cases 1 and 2 only. 
D)  Cases 1, 2, and 3. 
E)  It cannot be determined from the data given.

Question 10

The cell-mediated immunity that destroys virally infected cells involves

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  natural killer cells. 
C)  helper T cells. 
D)  macrophages. 
E)  B cells. 
A)  cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  natural killer cells. 
C)  helper T cells. 
D)  macrophages. 
E)  B cells.

Question 11

The MHC is important in a T cell's ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  distinguish self from nonself. 
B)  recognize specific parasitic pathogens. 
C)  identify specific bacterial pathogens. 
D)  identify specific viruses. 
E)  recognize differences among types of cancer. 
A)  distinguish self from nonself. 
B)  recognize specific parasitic pathogens. 
C)  identify specific bacterial pathogens. 
D)  identify specific viruses. 
E)  recognize differences among types of cancer.

Question 12

Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the

Accepted Answer

A)  injection of vaccine. 
B)  ingestion of interferon. 
C)  placental transfer of antibodies. 
D)  absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. 
E)  injection of antibodies. 
A)  injection of vaccine. 
B)  ingestion of interferon. 
C)  placental transfer of antibodies. 
D)  absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. 
E)  injection of antibodies.

Question 13

A key part of the humoral immune response is

Accepted Answer

A)  the attack of cytotoxic T cells on infected host cells. 
B)  the production of antibodies by plasma cells. 
C)  perforation of infected host cells by perforin. 
D)  the attack of phagocytes on living pathogens. 
E)  the initiation of programmed cell death in infected host cells. 
A)  the attack of cytotoxic T cells on infected host cells. 
B)  the production of antibodies by plasma cells. 
C)  perforation of infected host cells by perforin. 
D)  the attack of phagocytes on living pathogens. 
E)  the initiation of programmed cell death in infected host cells.

Question 14

In active immunity, but not passive immunity, there is

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition and activation of antibodies. 
B)  proliferation of lymphocytes in bone marrow. 
C)  the transfer of antibodies from the mother across the placenta. 
D)  the requirement for direct exposure to a living or simulated pathogen. 
E)  the requirement of secretion of interleukins from macrophages. 
A)  acquisition and activation of antibodies. 
B)  proliferation of lymphocytes in bone marrow. 
C)  the transfer of antibodies from the mother across the placenta. 
D)  the requirement for direct exposure to a living or simulated pathogen. 
E)  the requirement of secretion of interleukins from macrophages.

Question 15

This type of immunity is present only when a newborn infant is being fed by actively nursing its mother and ends when nursing ends.

Accepted Answer

A)  innate immunity 
B)  active immunity 
C)  passive immunity 
D)  cell-mediated immunity 
E)  adaptive immunity 
A)  innate immunity 
B)  active immunity 
C)  passive immunity 
D)  cell-mediated immunity 
E)  adaptive immunity

Question 16

A cell type that interacts with both the humoral and cell-mediated immune pathways is a

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma cell. 
B)  cytotoxic T cell. 
C)  natural killer cell. 
D)  CD8 cell. 
E)  helper T cell. 
A)  plasma cell. 
B)  cytotoxic T cell. 
C)  natural killer cell. 
D)  CD8 cell. 
E)  helper T cell.

Question 17

Infection by a bacterium that has elements on its surface that enhance its resistance to lysozyme will likely result in

Accepted Answer

A)  destruction of the bacterium by NK cells. 
B)  successful reproduction of the bacterium and continued progression of the disease. 
C)  removal of the bacterium by dendritic cells and its concentration in lymph nodes. 
D)  the infected individual's humoral immunity becoming the only route of infection response. 
E)  lymphocytes migrating from the thymus to attack the bacterium. 
A)  destruction of the bacterium by NK cells. 
B)  successful reproduction of the bacterium and continued progression of the disease. 
C)  removal of the bacterium by dendritic cells and its concentration in lymph nodes. 
D)  the infected individual's humoral immunity becoming the only route of infection response. 
E)  lymphocytes migrating from the thymus to attack the bacterium.

Question 18

When antibodies bind antigens, the clumping of antigens results from

Accepted Answer

A)  the multivalence of the antibody having at least two binding regions. 
B)  disulfide bridges between the antigens. 
C)  complement that makes the affected cells sticky. 
D)  bonds between class I and class II MHC molecules. 
E)  denaturation of the antibodies. 
A)  the multivalence of the antibody having at least two binding regions. 
B)  disulfide bridges between the antigens. 
C)  complement that makes the affected cells sticky. 
D)  bonds between class I and class II MHC molecules. 
E)  denaturation of the antibodies.

Question 19

The ability of one person to produce over a million different antibody molecules does not require over a million different genes; rather, this wide range of antibody production is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  alternative splicing of exons after transcription. 
B)  increased rate of mutation in the RNA molecules. 
C)  DNA rearrangements. 
D)  rearrangements of cytosolic proteins in the thymus cells. 
E)  crossing over between the light and heavy chains of each antibody molecule during meiosis I. 
A)  alternative splicing of exons after transcription. 
B)  increased rate of mutation in the RNA molecules. 
C)  DNA rearrangements. 
D)  rearrangements of cytosolic proteins in the thymus cells. 
E)  crossing over between the light and heavy chains of each antibody molecule during meiosis I.

Question 20

The ability of some viruses to remain inactive (latent) for a period of time is exemplified by

Accepted Answer

A)  influenza, a particular strain of which returns every 10-20 years. 
B)  herpes simplex viruses (oral or genital) whose reproduction is triggered by physiological or emotional stress in the host. 
C)  Kaposi's sarcoma, which causes a skin cancer in people with AIDS, but rarely in those not infected by HIV. 
D)  the virus that causes a form of the common cold, which recurs in patients many times in their lives. 
E)  myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease that blocks muscle contraction from time to time. 
A)  influenza, a particular strain of which returns every 10-20 years. 
B)  herpes simplex viruses (oral or genital) whose reproduction is triggered by physiological or emotional stress in the host. 
C)  Kaposi's sarcoma, which causes a skin cancer in people with AIDS, but rarely in those not infected by HIV. 
D)  the virus that causes a form of the common cold, which recurs in patients many times in their lives. 
E)  myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease that blocks muscle contraction from time to time.

Exam 35: The Immune System

Acidity in human sweat is an example of

The activation of helper T cells is likely

Preventing the appearance of the symptoms of an allergy attack would be the likely result of

Engulfing-phagocytic cells of innate immunity include all of the following except

In the human disease known as lupus, there is an immune reaction against a patient's own DNA from broken or dying cells, which categorizes lupus as

The primary function of humoral immunity is

Mammals have Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that can recognize a kind of macromolecule that is absent from vertebrates but present in/on certain groups of pathogens, including viral

An invertebrate, such as an insect, has innate immunity activity in its intestine that likely includes

The cell-mediated immunity that destroys virally infected cells involves

The MHC is important in a T cell's ability to

Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the

A key part of the humoral immune response is

In active immunity, but not passive immunity, there is

This type of immunity is present only when a newborn infant is being fed by actively nursing its mother and ends when nursing ends.

A cell type that interacts with both the humoral and cell-mediated immune pathways is a

Infection by a bacterium that has elements on its surface that enhance its resistance to lysozyme will likely result in

When antibodies bind antigens, the clumping of antigens results from

The ability of one person to produce over a million different antibody molecules does not require over a million different genes; rather, this wide range of antibody production is due to

The ability of some viruses to remain inactive (latent) for a period of time is exemplified by

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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