Question 1

Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not. 
B)  Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not. 
C)  DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria. 
D)  DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea. 
A)  Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not. 
B)  Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not. 
C)  DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria. 
D)  DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea. C

Question 2

What do the cell walls of plants and the extracellular matrix of animal cells have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are largely composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins. 
B)  Their proteins are made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes. 
C)  They form rigid structures that provide structural support for cells but limit their expansion. 
D)  They limit the passage of small molecules. 
E)  They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell. 
A)  They are largely composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins. 
B)  Their proteins are made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes. 
C)  They form rigid structures that provide structural support for cells but limit their expansion. 
D)  They limit the passage of small molecules. 
E)  They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell. E

Question 3

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome B

Question 4

How does the cell multiply its peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They bud off from the Golgi. 
B)  They are brought into the cell from the environment. 
C)  They are built de novo from cytosol materials. 
D)  They split in two after they become sufficiently large. 
E)  The cell synthesizes hydrogen peroxide and encloses it in a membrane. 
A)  They bud off from the Golgi. 
B)  They are brought into the cell from the environment. 
C)  They are built de novo from cytosol materials. 
D)  They split in two after they become sufficiently large. 
E)  The cell synthesizes hydrogen peroxide and encloses it in a membrane.

Question 5

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. 
B)  Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
C)  Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
D)  Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
E)  All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function. 
A)  Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. 
B)  Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
C)  Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
D)  Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
E)  All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.

Question 6

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  glyoxysome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  glyoxysome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome

Question 7

What types of proteins are not synthesized in the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

A)  endoplasmic reticulum proteins 
B)  extracellular matrix proteins 
C)  secreted proteins 
D)  mitochondrial proteins 
E)  plasma membrane proteins 
A)  endoplasmic reticulum proteins 
B)  extracellular matrix proteins 
C)  secreted proteins 
D)  mitochondrial proteins 
E)  plasma membrane proteins

Question 8

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  peroxisomes 
B)  desmosomes 
C)  gap junctions 
D)  extracellular matrix 
E)  tight junctions 
A)  peroxisomes 
B)  desmosomes 
C)  gap junctions 
D)  extracellular matrix 
E)  tight junctions

Question 9

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

Accepted Answer

A)  endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
B)  anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts. 
C)  an endosymbiotic fungal cell that evolved into the nucleus. 
D)  acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi. 
A)  endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
B)  anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts. 
C)  an endosymbiotic fungal cell that evolved into the nucleus. 
D)  acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi.

Question 10

The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  They must block water and small molecules in order to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment. 
B)  They must permit information transfer between the cell's cytoplasm and the nucleus. 
C)  They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume. 
D)  They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell. 
E)  They are composed of a mixture of lipids and carbohydrates. 
A)  They must block water and small molecules in order to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment. 
B)  They must permit information transfer between the cell's cytoplasm and the nucleus. 
C)  They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume. 
D)  They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell. 
E)  They are composed of a mixture of lipids and carbohydrates.

Question 11

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

Accepted Answer

A)  tubulin 
B)  laminin 
C)  actin 
D)  intermediate filaments 
E)  secretory vesicles 
A)  tubulin 
B)  laminin 
C)  actin 
D)  intermediate filaments 
E)  secretory vesicles

Question 12

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosome 
B)  lysosome 
C)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  mitochondrion 
E)  contractile vacuole 
A)  ribosome 
B)  lysosome 
C)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  mitochondrion 
E)  contractile vacuole

Question 13

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

A)  standard light microscopy 
B)  scanning electron microscopy 
C)  transmission electron microscopy 
D)  confocal fluorescence microscopy 
E)  super-resolution fluorescence microscopy 
A)  standard light microscopy 
B)  scanning electron microscopy 
C)  transmission electron microscopy 
D)  confocal fluorescence microscopy 
E)  super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

Question 14

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits 
B)  lysosome; intracellular digestion 
C)  ribosome; protein synthesis 
D)  Golgi; protein trafficking 
E)  microtubule; muscle contraction 
A)  nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits 
B)  lysosome; intracellular digestion 
C)  ribosome; protein synthesis 
D)  Golgi; protein trafficking 
E)  microtubule; muscle contraction

Question 15

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

Accepted Answer

A)  a bacterium. 
B)  an animal, but not a plant. 
C)  nearly any eukaryotic organism. 
D)  any multicellular organism, such as a plant or an animal. 
E)  any kind of organism. 
A)  a bacterium. 
B)  an animal, but not a plant. 
C)  nearly any eukaryotic organism. 
D)  any multicellular organism, such as a plant or an animal. 
E)  any kind of organism.

Question 16

When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → vacuole 
B)  secondary cell wall → plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → vacuole 
C)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → vacuole 
D)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → lysosome → cytoplasm → vacuole 
E)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → secondary cell wall → vacuole 
A)  plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → vacuole 
B)  secondary cell wall → plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → vacuole 
C)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → vacuole 
D)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → lysosome → cytoplasm → vacuole 
E)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → secondary cell wall → vacuole

Question 17

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA. 
B)  a cell wall. 
C)  a plasma membrane. 
D)  ribosomes. 
E)  an endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  DNA. 
B)  a cell wall. 
C)  a plasma membrane. 
D)  ribosomes. 
E)  an endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 18

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases 
B)  the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
C)  evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes 
D)  the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs 
E)  rigid cell walls that limit cell size expansion 
A)  limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases 
B)  the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
C)  evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes 
D)  the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs 
E)  rigid cell walls that limit cell size expansion

Question 19

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondrion 
B)  ribosome 
C)  nuclear envelope 
D)  chloroplast 
E)  ER 
A)  mitochondrion 
B)  ribosome 
C)  nuclear envelope 
D)  chloroplast 
E)  ER

Question 20

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  intermediate filaments. 
C)  tight junctions. 
D)  desmosomes. 
E)  gap junctions. 
A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  intermediate filaments. 
C)  tight junctions. 
D)  desmosomes. 
E)  gap junctions.

Exam 4: A Tour of the Cell

Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct?

What do the cell walls of plants and the extracellular matrix of animal cells have in common?

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

How does the cell multiply its peroxisomes?

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

What types of proteins are not synthesized in the rough ER?

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures?

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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