Question 1

A cocklebur is dispersed by ________, whereas most fleshy, edible fruits are eaten by animals that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  wind; fully digest the fruits, including the seeds, which are killed 
B)  water currents; defecate the intact seeds 
C)  hitching rides on animals; fully digest the fruits, including the seeds, which are killed 
D)  hitching rides on animals; defecate the intact seeds 
A)  wind; fully digest the fruits, including the seeds, which are killed 
B)  water currents; defecate the intact seeds 
C)  hitching rides on animals; fully digest the fruits, including the seeds, which are killed 
D)  hitching rides on animals; defecate the intact seeds

Question 2

What kind of entity is a lichen?

Accepted Answer

A)  an association between a fungus and a brown alga 
B)  an association between a multicellular protist related to the brown algae and a bacterium 
C)  an association between a fungus and cyanobacteria or green algae 
D)  an association between a bryophyte and a fungus 
A)  an association between a fungus and a brown alga 
B)  an association between a multicellular protist related to the brown algae and a bacterium 
C)  an association between a fungus and cyanobacteria or green algae 
D)  an association between a bryophyte and a fungus

Question 3

A mushroom is

Accepted Answer

A)  composed of many threadlike filaments called mycorrhizae. 
B)  specialized to obtain most of the nutrients for the fungal mycelium. 
C)  an independent stage in the alternation of generations of the fungal life cycle. 
D)  an aboveground reproductive structure connected to a mycelium. 
A)  composed of many threadlike filaments called mycorrhizae. 
B)  specialized to obtain most of the nutrients for the fungal mycelium. 
C)  an independent stage in the alternation of generations of the fungal life cycle. 
D)  an aboveground reproductive structure connected to a mycelium.

Question 4

The ripened ovary of a flower, which is adapted to disperse seeds, is called a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  ovule. 
B)  casing. 
C)  fruit. 
D)  sporangium. 
A)  ovule. 
B)  casing. 
C)  fruit. 
D)  sporangium.

Question 5

Which of the following plants has a dominant sporophyte generation and a seed, but no fruit?

Accepted Answer

A)  fern 
B)  pine tree 
C)  tulip 
D)  moss 
A)  fern 
B)  pine tree 
C)  tulip 
D)  moss

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fungi are important decomposers in ecosystems. 
B)  Fungi can break down only plant material. 
C)  The distinctive flavor of certain cheeses is due to fungi. 
D)  The first antibiotic discovered came from a fungus. 
A)  Fungi are important decomposers in ecosystems. 
B)  Fungi can break down only plant material. 
C)  The distinctive flavor of certain cheeses is due to fungi. 
D)  The first antibiotic discovered came from a fungus.

Question 7

The ________ represents the sporophyte generation of a conifer, and the ________ produces gametophytes.

Accepted Answer

A)  cone; tree 
B)  tree; cone 
C)  tree; pollen 
D)  seed; tree 
A)  cone; tree 
B)  tree; cone 
C)  tree; pollen 
D)  seed; tree

Question 8

Which of the following statements correctly describes the alternation of generations in a plant life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diploid sporophytes that produce spores by meiosis alternate with haploid gametophytes that produce gametes by mitosis. 
B)  Diploid sporophytes that produce gametes by meiosis alternate with haploid sporophytes that produce gametes by mitosis. 
C)  Diploid gametophytes that produce spores by mitosis alternate with haploid sporophytes that produce gametes by meiosis. 
D)  Diploid gametophytes that produce gametes by meiosis alternate with haploid sporophytes that produce spores by mitosis. 
A)  Diploid sporophytes that produce spores by meiosis alternate with haploid gametophytes that produce gametes by mitosis. 
B)  Diploid sporophytes that produce gametes by meiosis alternate with haploid sporophytes that produce gametes by mitosis. 
C)  Diploid gametophytes that produce spores by mitosis alternate with haploid sporophytes that produce gametes by meiosis. 
D)  Diploid gametophytes that produce gametes by meiosis alternate with haploid sporophytes that produce spores by mitosis.

Question 9

The dominant stage of the moss life cycle is the

Accepted Answer

A)  sporophyte. 
B)  gametangium. 
C)  pollen. 
D)  gametophyte. 
A)  sporophyte. 
B)  gametangium. 
C)  pollen. 
D)  gametophyte.

Question 10

Different kinds of mycorrhizae occur in different ecosystems. For example, as you walk up a mountain, you might find one type of mycorrhizae in lower regions and a second, different type of mycorrhizae in higher regions. Why are there mycorrhizae specific to certain ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycorrhizae are adapted to the altitude. 
B)  Mycorrhizae are adapted to the type of slope of the land. 
C)  Mycorrhizae tend to colonize all levels of the mountain. 
D)  Mycorrhizae are adapted to the type of soil and the type of vegetation present. 
A)  Mycorrhizae are adapted to the altitude. 
B)  Mycorrhizae are adapted to the type of slope of the land. 
C)  Mycorrhizae tend to colonize all levels of the mountain. 
D)  Mycorrhizae are adapted to the type of soil and the type of vegetation present.

Question 11

Which of the following would be the best evidence to demonstrate that mushrooms are living, reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  flagellated sperm 
B)  pollen 
C)  lignin 
D)  spore production and dispersal 
A)  flagellated sperm 
B)  pollen 
C)  lignin 
D)  spore production and dispersal

Question 12

The ________ is the protective chamber that houses the ovule and later matures to become the fruit.

Accepted Answer

A)  ovary 
B)  carpel 
C)  sepals 
D)  stigma 
A)  ovary 
B)  carpel 
C)  sepals 
D)  stigma

Question 13

Crop plants can have higher densities of stomata on the underside of their leaves than on the surfaces of their leaves. Some scientists hypothesize that that the evolution of this adaptation enhanced the ability of these plants to regulate the rate of COS1U1B12S1U1B0 uptake for each surface.
-Suppose you wanted to test this hypothesis using sunflower plants. Which of the following would be the best procedure regarding the groups you use in your experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Choose two equal-size groups of sunflower plants. One would be the experimental group and one would be the control group. 
B)  Choose equal-size groups of sunflower plants and zinnia plants. The sunflower plants would be the experimental group and the zinnia plants would be the control group. 
C)  Choose two groups of sunflower plants. The experimental group would have twice as many plants as the control group. 
D)  Choose two groups of sunflower plants. The experimental group would have half as many plants as the control group. 
A)  Choose two equal-size groups of sunflower plants. One would be the experimental group and one would be the control group. 
B)  Choose equal-size groups of sunflower plants and zinnia plants. The sunflower plants would be the experimental group and the zinnia plants would be the control group. 
C)  Choose two groups of sunflower plants. The experimental group would have twice as many plants as the control group. 
D)  Choose two groups of sunflower plants. The experimental group would have half as many plants as the control group.

Question 14

The loss of plant biodiversity, including the wild relatives of crop species, is harmful because these wild relatives

Accepted Answer

A)  feed most of the world's population. 
B)  may be suitable for domestication and regional production. 
C)  are often tastier than existing crops. 
D)  are a source of genetic diversity that could be used to modify or bolster existing crops. 
A)  feed most of the world's population. 
B)  may be suitable for domestication and regional production. 
C)  are often tastier than existing crops. 
D)  are a source of genetic diversity that could be used to modify or bolster existing crops.

Question 15

In plants, the vascular tissue made of dead cells that transport water and minerals from the roots is called

Accepted Answer

A)  xylem. 
B)  phloem. 
C)  lignin. 
D)  meristem. 
A)  xylem. 
B)  phloem. 
C)  lignin. 
D)  meristem.

Question 16

Hallucinations, nervous spasms, and even death can result when humans consume grain infested with

Accepted Answer

A)  corn smut. 
B)  chytrids. 
C)  coccidioidomycosis. 
D)  ergots. 
A)  corn smut. 
B)  chytrids. 
C)  coccidioidomycosis. 
D)  ergots.

Question 17

About 95% of all modern plant species

Accepted Answer

A)  have a dominant sporophyte in their life cycle. 
B)  lack a sporophyte to house a gametophyte stage. 
C)  have a gametophyte adapted to house a sporophyte stage. 
D)  have flagellated sperm. 
A)  have a dominant sporophyte in their life cycle. 
B)  lack a sporophyte to house a gametophyte stage. 
C)  have a gametophyte adapted to house a sporophyte stage. 
D)  have flagellated sperm.

Question 18

The evolution of easily modified flower colors that can make plants attractive to animals was an important factor in angiosperm evolution because

Accepted Answer

A)  plants have no way to cross-pollinate without the intervention of animals. 
B)  animals are more effective at delivering pollen to other flowers than is the wind. 
C)  flower color attracts animals that can disperse the seeds of the plant. 
D)  successful evolution requires interactions between plants and animals. 
A)  plants have no way to cross-pollinate without the intervention of animals. 
B)  animals are more effective at delivering pollen to other flowers than is the wind. 
C)  flower color attracts animals that can disperse the seeds of the plant. 
D)  successful evolution requires interactions between plants and animals.

Question 19

The heterokaryotic phase of a fungal life cycle is a

Accepted Answer

A)  stage in which the hyphae contain only one type of haploid nucleus. 
B)  stage in which hyphae contain two genetically different haploid nuclei. 
C)  stage in which hyphae contain two genetically different diploid nuclei. 
D)  triploid stage formed by the fusion of a diploid nucleus with the haploid nucleus of a compatible hypha. 
A)  stage in which the hyphae contain only one type of haploid nucleus. 
B)  stage in which hyphae contain two genetically different haploid nuclei. 
C)  stage in which hyphae contain two genetically different diploid nuclei. 
D)  triploid stage formed by the fusion of a diploid nucleus with the haploid nucleus of a compatible hypha.

Question 20

Which of the following options correctly represents the most likely sequence of the evolution of plants, from earliest to most recent?

Accepted Answer

A)  bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms 
B)  seedless vascular plants, bryophytes, angiosperms, gymnosperms 
C)  bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms, gymnosperms 
D)  bryophytes, gymnosperms, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms 
A)  bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms 
B)  seedless vascular plants, bryophytes, angiosperms, gymnosperms 
C)  bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms, gymnosperms 
D)  bryophytes, gymnosperms, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms

Exam 17: The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

A cocklebur is dispersed by ________, whereas most fleshy, edible fruits are eaten by animals that ________.

What kind of entity is a lichen?

A mushroom is

The ripened ovary of a flower, which is adapted to disperse seeds, is called a/an

Which of the following plants has a dominant sporophyte generation and a seed, but no fruit?

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is false?

The ________ represents the sporophyte generation of a conifer, and the ________ produces gametophytes.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the alternation of generations in a plant life cycle?

The dominant stage of the moss life cycle is the

Different kinds of mycorrhizae occur in different ecosystems. For example, as you walk up a mountain, you might find one type of mycorrhizae in lower regions and a second, different type of mycorrhizae in higher regions. Why are there mycorrhizae specific to certain ecosystems?

Which of the following would be the best evidence to demonstrate that mushrooms are living, reproducing organisms?

The ________ is the protective chamber that houses the ovule and later matures to become the fruit.

The loss of plant biodiversity, including the wild relatives of crop species, is harmful because these wild relatives

In plants, the vascular tissue made of dead cells that transport water and minerals from the roots is called

Hallucinations, nervous spasms, and even death can result when humans consume grain infested with

About 95% of all modern plant species

The evolution of easily modified flower colors that can make plants attractive to animals was an important factor in angiosperm evolution because

The heterokaryotic phase of a fungal life cycle is a

Which of the following options correctly represents the most likely sequence of the evolution of plants, from earliest to most recent?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

Filters

A cocklebur is dispersed by , whereas most fleshy, edible fruits are eaten by animals that .

The represents the sporophyte generation of a conifer, and the produces gametophytes.