Question 1

The only cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are

Accepted Answer

A)  yeast cells. 
B)  E. coli cells. 
C)  mammalian cells. 
D)  algal cells. 
A)  yeast cells. 
B)  E. coli cells. 
C)  mammalian cells. 
D)  algal cells. C

Question 2

An advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare a gene for cloning is that

Accepted Answer

A)  reverse transcriptase is more efficient than RNA polymerase. 
B)  the resulting DNA strand will lack exons. 
C)  reverse transcriptase is more efficient than DNA polymerase. 
D)  the resulting DNA strand will lack introns. 
A)  reverse transcriptase is more efficient than RNA polymerase. 
B)  the resulting DNA strand will lack exons. 
C)  reverse transcriptase is more efficient than DNA polymerase. 
D)  the resulting DNA strand will lack introns. D

Question 3

A nucleic acid probe is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  virus that transfers DNA to a recipient cell. 
B)  piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene. 
C)  enzyme that locates a specific restriction site on RNA. 
D)  plasmid that recognizes a specific DNA sequence. 
A)  virus that transfers DNA to a recipient cell. 
B)  piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene. 
C)  enzyme that locates a specific restriction site on RNA. 
D)  plasmid that recognizes a specific DNA sequence. B

Question 4

What sequence is indicated by the data between the brackets?

Accepted Answer

A)  GAGTG 
B)  GGAGTGG 
C)  GGAAGGTTGG 
D)  GAAGGTTG 
A)  GAGTG 
B)  GGAGTGG 
C)  GGAAGGTTGG 
D)  GAAGGTTG

Question 5

Restriction enzymes specifically recognize and cut short sequences of DNA called

Accepted Answer

A)  introns. 
B)  exons. 
C)  sticky ends. 
D)  restriction sites. 
A)  introns. 
B)  exons. 
C)  sticky ends. 
D)  restriction sites.

Question 6

During the process of electrophoresis, the ________ functions like a molecular sieve, separating the samples according to their size.

Accepted Answer

A)  sample mixture 
B)  positively charged electrode 
C)  negatively charged electrode 
D)  agarose gel 
A)  sample mixture 
B)  positively charged electrode 
C)  negatively charged electrode 
D)  agarose gel

Question 7

The advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin is that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are too few cows, pigs, and horses to provide an adequate supply of their insulin. 
B)  human insulin is less likely to cause harmful side effects than cow, pig, or horse insulin. 
C)  cow, pig, or horse insulin cannot keep a diabetic alive for more than 3 months. 
D)  using human insulin increases the probability that, in the future, the person suffering from diabetes can be weaned from a dependence on insulin. 
A)  there are too few cows, pigs, and horses to provide an adequate supply of their insulin. 
B)  human insulin is less likely to cause harmful side effects than cow, pig, or horse insulin. 
C)  cow, pig, or horse insulin cannot keep a diabetic alive for more than 3 months. 
D)  using human insulin increases the probability that, in the future, the person suffering from diabetes can be weaned from a dependence on insulin.

Question 8

Which \statement about genome sequencing is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The genomes of thousands of species have been completely sequenced. 
B)  The first eukaryotic organism to have its genome sequenced was yeast. 
C)  Most of the genomes that have been sequenced to date are eukaryotes. 
D)  The genome of a mouse has been sequenced. 
A)  The genomes of thousands of species have been completely sequenced. 
B)  The first eukaryotic organism to have its genome sequenced was yeast. 
C)  Most of the genomes that have been sequenced to date are eukaryotes. 
D)  The genome of a mouse has been sequenced.

Question 9

The production of multiple identical copies of a target sequence of DNA defines

Accepted Answer

A)  gene cloning. 
B)  DNA cloning. 
C)  DNA technology. 
D)  genetic engineering. 
A)  gene cloning. 
B)  DNA cloning. 
C)  DNA technology. 
D)  genetic engineering.

Question 10

Researchers are trying to make a genetically modified (GM) pig that expresses bovine (cow) growth hormone to make it grow bigger. They isolated the bovine growth hormone gene, cut it and a plasmid with the same restriction enzyme, and mixed them together. They inserted the mixture into pig zygotes, but only normal pigs, not GM pigs, grew. What did they likely do wrong?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are trying to make a GM animal, which is impossible. 
B)  They forgot to add DNA ligase after mixing the plasmid and gene together. 
C)  They should have used different restriction enzymes to cut the plasmid and the gene. 
D)  They forgot to use PCR and make multiple copies of the growth hormone gene. 
A)  They are trying to make a GM animal, which is impossible. 
B)  They forgot to add DNA ligase after mixing the plasmid and gene together. 
C)  They should have used different restriction enzymes to cut the plasmid and the gene. 
D)  They forgot to use PCR and make multiple copies of the growth hormone gene.

Question 11

Why is a guide RNA needed when using CRISPR-Cas9 for gene editing?

Accepted Answer

A)  to help Cas9 find the target DNA to cut 
B)  to help Cas9 be transported into the nucleus 
C)  to help repair the target DNA after it is cut 
D)  to help make copies of the target DNA 
A)  to help Cas9 find the target DNA to cut 
B)  to help Cas9 be transported into the nucleus 
C)  to help repair the target DNA after it is cut 
D)  to help make copies of the target DNA

Question 12

Which statement regarding proteomics is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteomics is the study of protein interaction within a cell. 
B)  Proteomics involves the complete analysis of prokaryote DNA. 
C)  Proteomics is the systematic study of the full set of proteins encoded by a genome. 
A)  Proteomics is the study of protein interaction within a cell. 
B)  Proteomics involves the complete analysis of prokaryote DNA. 
C)  Proteomics is the systematic study of the full set of proteins encoded by a genome.

Question 13

In order for gene therapy to be permanent in the patient being treated,

Accepted Answer

A)  the defective gene must first be removed from all somatic cells. 
B)  the normal gene must be added to the germ-line cells. 
C)  the normal gene must first be treated with UV radiation to ensure noninfectivity. 
D)  the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply. 
A)  the defective gene must first be removed from all somatic cells. 
B)  the normal gene must be added to the germ-line cells. 
C)  the normal gene must first be treated with UV radiation to ensure noninfectivity. 
D)  the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply.

Question 14

Restriction enzymes

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitate nucleotide base pairing. 
B)  cut DNA at specific sites. 
C)  stop transcription and translation. 
D)  bind together strands of DNA. 
A)  facilitate nucleotide base pairing. 
B)  cut DNA at specific sites. 
C)  stop transcription and translation. 
D)  bind together strands of DNA.

Question 15

You are trying to produce cDNA starting from mRNA in skeletal muscle cells. You add the following components to a tube and let the reaction proceed: skeletal muscle mRNA, free nucleotides, and DNA polymerase. After inspecting the products of the reaction, you do not find any cDNA molecules at all. What is the most likely explanation for this result?

Accepted Answer

A)  You used mRNA instead of genomic DNA as the source material. 
B)  You used DNA polymerase instead of reverse transcriptase. 
C)  cDNA can only be made from skin cell mRNA molecules. 
D)  You forgot to add a radiolabeled nucleic acid probe to the tube. 
A)  You used mRNA instead of genomic DNA as the source material. 
B)  You used DNA polymerase instead of reverse transcriptase. 
C)  cDNA can only be made from skin cell mRNA molecules. 
D)  You forgot to add a radiolabeled nucleic acid probe to the tube.

Question 16

Gel electrophoresis is normally set up with the negative electrode at the top of the gel and the positive electrode at the bottom of the gel. The DNA products are loaded at the top of the gel, and then a current is applied to separate them. However, when preparing to run a gel, you accidentally switched the locations of the negative and positive electrodes such that the positive electrode is at the top and the negative electrode is at the bottom. You still loaded the DNA products at the top of the gel as normal. What result are you most likely to observe if you apply an electric current to this gel setup?

Accepted Answer

A)  All DNA molecules will migrate toward the positive electrode. 
B)  All DNA molecules will migrate toward the negative electrode. 
C)  Shorter DNA molecules will toward the positive electrode, and longer DNA molecules will move toward the negative electrode. 
D)  Longer DNA molecules will move toward the positive electrode, and shorter DNA molecules will move toward the negative electrode. 
A)  All DNA molecules will migrate toward the positive electrode. 
B)  All DNA molecules will migrate toward the negative electrode. 
C)  Shorter DNA molecules will toward the positive electrode, and longer DNA molecules will move toward the negative electrode. 
D)  Longer DNA molecules will move toward the positive electrode, and shorter DNA molecules will move toward the negative electrode.

Question 17

Four decades after the end of the Vietnam War, the remains of an Air Force pilot were discovered and returned to the United States. A search of Air Force records identified three families to which the remains might possibly belong. Each family had a surviving twin of a missing service member. The following STR profiles were obtained from the remains of the pilot and the surviving twins from the three families.
  
-In order to match the pilot's remains to the correct family using DNA profiling,

Accepted Answer

A)  the majority of the STR bands must match. 
B)  each of the 13 STR bands must match. 
C)  the bands for site 13 must match. 
D)  bands 5 and 7 must match. 
A)  the majority of the STR bands must match. 
B)  each of the 13 STR bands must match. 
C)  the bands for site 13 must match. 
D)  bands 5 and 7 must match.

Question 18

Four decades after the end of the Vietnam War, the remains of an Air Force pilot were discovered and returned to the United States. A search of Air Force records identified three families to which the remains might possibly belong. Each family had a surviving twin of a missing service member. The following STR profiles were obtained from the remains of the pilot and the surviving twins from the three families.
  
-Based on analysis of the STR sites shown, which family is the missing pilot least likely to belong to?

Accepted Answer

A)  family 1 
B)  family 2 
C)  family 3 
D)  Family 1 and family 2 are equally unlikely. 
A)  family 1 
B)  family 2 
C)  family 3 
D)  Family 1 and family 2 are equally unlikely.

Question 19

If you commit a crime, you need to make sure that you do not leave even the smallest speck of blood, hair, or other organic matter from your body. If you do, the DNA in this material can be amplified by ________, subjected to genetic analysis, and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime.

Accepted Answer

A)  PCR 
B)  STR analysis 
C)  restriction digests 
A)  PCR 
B)  STR analysis 
C)  restriction digests

Question 20

Which step in the creation of cDNA involves the use of reverse transcriptase?

Accepted Answer

A)  step 1 
B)  step 2 
C)  step 3 
D)  step 4 
A)  step 1 
B)  step 2 
C)  step 3 
D)  step 4

Exam 12: DNA Technology and Genomics

The only cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are

An advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare a gene for cloning is that

A nucleic acid probe is a(n)

What sequence is indicated by the data between the brackets?

Restriction enzymes specifically recognize and cut short sequences of DNA called

During the process of electrophoresis, the ________ functions like a molecular sieve, separating the samples according to their size.

The advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin is that

Which \statement about genome sequencing is false?

The production of multiple identical copies of a target sequence of DNA defines

Why is a guide RNA needed when using CRISPR-Cas9 for gene editing?

Which statement regarding proteomics is true?

In order for gene therapy to be permanent in the patient being treated,

Restriction enzymes

Which step in the creation of cDNA involves the use of reverse transcriptase?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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