Exam 18: The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

A typical sponge is best described as a

Which of the following are threats to the biodiversity of invertebrates?

Corals belong to phylum Cnidaria. The reefs themselves are made up of millions of polyps, each of which secretes a calcium carbonate skeleton that becomes part of the reef structure. Corals, which are attached to the reef as adults, have free-swimming larvae that develop into new polyps. Corals are actually colorless. The brilliant colors that are visible on the reef come from the zooxanthellae (microscopic algae) that live within their body tissues. The zooxanthellae and corals have a symbiotic relationship in which corals provide carbon dioxide and mineral nutrients (released as wastes from coral digestion) to the zooxanthellae. The zooxanthellae perform photosynthesis. Photosynthesis produces nutrients (in the form of sugars) for the coral and also releases oxygen. This relationship supplements energy from predation and allows corals to survive in clear tropical water, even though these areas have very low nutrient levels. -Corals supplement the energy they receive from the zooxanthellae by capturing prey using their

Which adaptation is a key characteristic of annelids that greatly increases their flexibility and mobility?

Caddisflies are insects that lay their eggs on the bottom of streams. The eggs mature into larvae, and eventually the larvae pupate, move to the surface of the stream, shed their pupal membranes, and emerge as winged adults. Caddisflies demonstrate

Which of the following groups includes both spiders and horseshoe crabs?

For the following questions consider these characteristics: I. radial symmetry II. bilateral symmetry III. true tissues IV. complete digestive tract -Parasitic sheep liver flukes would be expected to have

Which of these molluscs commonly have a coiled shell?

Which of the following are not included among the bilateria, a clade of animals with bilateral symmetry at some stage of development?

For the following questions consider these characteristics: I. radial symmetry II. bilateral symmetry III. true tissues IV. complete digestive tract -A scientist found thousands of small worms thrashing about in a very small amount of soil and determined that the thrashing motion was due to having only longitudinal muscles. These worms are likely to have

Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are ________ and typically have ________.

To be characterized as a chordate, an organism must

Many sponges, cnidarians, and echinoderms have few if any external characteristics distinguishing males from females. This seemingly odd structural characteristic is most likely associated with which of these functions?

Most of the animals alive today are

Which of the following correctly lists organisms from least complex in overall development to most complex?

Traditional animal phylogenetic trees and the most recent molecular phylogenetic trees have many similarities. Which is a feature of the recent trees that was not present in the traditional phylogeny?

For the following questions consider these characteristics: I. radial symmetry II. bilateral symmetry III. true tissues IV. complete digestive tract -Diopatra ornata is a segmented worm that builds tubes in the sand. These worms would be expected to have

Which mollusc group includes primarily sedentary animals that use mucus-coated gills to trap fine food particles?

Which of the following groups has a series of similar segments that make up most of the body?

Which of the following items demonstrates radial symmetry?