Question 1

Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deuterostomes lack true tissues. 
B)  Deuterostomes have only two tissue layers. 
C)  The opening that forms during deuterostome gastrulation becomes the anus. 
D)  The opening that forms during deuterostome gastrulation becomes the mouth. 
A)  Deuterostomes lack true tissues. 
B)  Deuterostomes have only two tissue layers. 
C)  The opening that forms during deuterostome gastrulation becomes the anus. 
D)  The opening that forms during deuterostome gastrulation becomes the mouth.

Question 2

The symmetry of echinoderms generally includes

Accepted Answer

A)  radially symmetrical larvae and adults. 
B)  bilaterally symmetrical larvae and adults. 
C)  bilaterally symmetrical larvae and radially symmetrical adults. 
D)  radially symmetrical larvae and bilaterally symmetrical adults. 
A)  radially symmetrical larvae and adults. 
B)  bilaterally symmetrical larvae and adults. 
C)  bilaterally symmetrical larvae and radially symmetrical adults. 
D)  radially symmetrical larvae and bilaterally symmetrical adults.

Question 3

Tapeworms are similar to fungi in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  have cell walls made of chitin. 
B)  are sessile autotrophs. 
C)  feed by absorption. 
D)  inhabit marine, damp terrestrial, and freshwater habitats. 
A)  have cell walls made of chitin. 
B)  are sessile autotrophs. 
C)  feed by absorption. 
D)  inhabit marine, damp terrestrial, and freshwater habitats.

Question 4

Which of the following phyla is most closely related to echinoderms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Annelida 
B)  Mollusca 
C)  Arthropoda 
D)  Chordata 
A)  Annelida 
B)  Mollusca 
C)  Arthropoda 
D)  Chordata

Question 5

The graph below is of an index of diversity of arthropods in three different plots of a cornfield. In one of the three plots an insecticide was sprayed. Answer the questions below about this situation.
   Arthropod diversity in three cornfield plots.
-Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data shown in the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some species were disappearing as others were appearing. 
B)  There were more individual arthropods in each of the plots in July than in any other month. 
C)  In general, species diversity for all three plots taken together was greatest in July. 
D)  In August, Plot 2 had the greatest species diversity. 
A)  Some species were disappearing as others were appearing. 
B)  There were more individual arthropods in each of the plots in July than in any other month. 
C)  In general, species diversity for all three plots taken together was greatest in July. 
D)  In August, Plot 2 had the greatest species diversity.

Question 6

A bilaterally symmetrical, wormlike animal that has a complete digestive tract and a cuticle could be a member of which of the following phyla?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cnidaria 
B)  Annelida 
C)  Nematoda 
D)  Chordata 
A)  Cnidaria 
B)  Annelida 
C)  Nematoda 
D)  Chordata

Question 7

Which of the following are not included among the eumetazoans that have true tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  sea stars (Echinodermata) 
B)  earthworms (Annelida) 
C)  sea anemones (Cnidaria) 
D)  sponges (Porifera) 
A)  sea stars (Echinodermata) 
B)  earthworms (Annelida) 
C)  sea anemones (Cnidaria) 
D)  sponges (Porifera)

Question 8

Which of the following exhibits bilateral symmetry?

Accepted Answer

A)  a butterfly 
B)  a sponge 
C)  a sea anemone 
A)  a butterfly 
B)  a sponge 
C)  a sea anemone

Question 9

An organism that can fly and has an exoskeleton must be a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  bird. 
B)  echinoderm. 
C)  insect. 
D)  polychaete. 
A)  bird. 
B)  echinoderm. 
C)  insect. 
D)  polychaete.

Question 10

________ are soil dwellers; ________ are mostly marine; and ________ mostly inhabit fresh water.

Accepted Answer

A)  Earthworms; leeches; annelids 
B)  Earthworms; leeches; polychaetes 
C)  Earthworms; polychaetes; leeches 
D)  Polychaetes; earthworms; leeches 
A)  Earthworms; leeches; annelids 
B)  Earthworms; leeches; polychaetes 
C)  Earthworms; polychaetes; leeches 
D)  Polychaetes; earthworms; leeches

Question 11

Corals belong to phylum Cnidaria. The reefs themselves are made up of millions of polyps, each of which secretes a calcium carbonate skeleton that becomes part of the reef structure. Corals, which are attached to the reef as adults, have free-swimming larvae that develop into new polyps.
Corals are actually colorless. The brilliant colors that are visible on the reef come from the zooxanthellae (microscopic algae) that live within their body tissues. The zooxanthellae and corals have a symbiotic relationship in which corals provide carbon dioxide and mineral nutrients (released as wastes from coral digestion) to the zooxanthellae. The zooxanthellae perform photosynthesis. Photosynthesis produces nutrients (in the form of sugars) for the coral and also releases oxygen. This relationship supplements energy from predation and allows corals to survive in clear tropical water, even though these areas have very low nutrient levels.
-What advantage do free-swimming larvae confer on reef-building corals?

Accepted Answer

A)  providing reef-building corals with a defense against fishes and other predators 
B)  allowing reef-building corals to establish colonies in the deep ocean 
C)  increasing survival since coral larvae have exoskeletons of chitin 
D)  allowing reef-building corals to expand their populations into new habitats 
A)  providing reef-building corals with a defense against fishes and other predators 
B)  allowing reef-building corals to establish colonies in the deep ocean 
C)  increasing survival since coral larvae have exoskeletons of chitin 
D)  allowing reef-building corals to expand their populations into new habitats

Question 12

-Which phyla of animals are most closely related?

Accepted Answer

A)  chordates and nematodes 
B)  flatworms and molluscs 
C)  sponges and chordates 
D)  arthropods and annelids 
A)  chordates and nematodes 
B)  flatworms and molluscs 
C)  sponges and chordates 
D)  arthropods and annelids

Question 13

While wading in the ocean, you look down into the water and notice an umbrella-shaped, translucent animal. It swims by pulsing its body, and long tentacles trail behind it. One of them brushes your leg. Ouch! You feel a burning sensation where it touched you. To what phylum does this creature probably belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Porifera 
B)  Cnidaria 
C)  Platyhelminthes 
D)  Mollusca 
A)  Porifera 
B)  Cnidaria 
C)  Platyhelminthes 
D)  Mollusca

Question 14

During the Cambrian explosion approximately 535 to 525 million years ago,

Accepted Answer

A)  all modern species of animals suddenly appeared. 
B)  animals rapidly diversified in the oceans. 
C)  a massive volcanic eruption nearly wiped out life on Earth. 
D)  great forests produced peat layers that were later transformed into coal. 
A)  all modern species of animals suddenly appeared. 
B)  animals rapidly diversified in the oceans. 
C)  a massive volcanic eruption nearly wiped out life on Earth. 
D)  great forests produced peat layers that were later transformed into coal.

Question 15

-The most obvious feature that this animal shares with annelids is

Accepted Answer

A)  large claws 
B)  three major body regions 
C)  several types of jointed appendages 
D)  segmentation 
A)  large claws 
B)  three major body regions 
C)  several types of jointed appendages 
D)  segmentation

Question 16

The insect body plan includes many groups of serially repeated units. For example, there are typically three pairs of legs, one on each of the three segments of the thorax. Which of the following options best describes how these pairs of legs develop and evolve?

Accepted Answer

A)  A single gene controls the development of all six legs. Thus within a species, all three pairs of legs are identical. 
B)  The leg pairs all influence each other during development. Gene products move by diffusion from one segment to the other. Therefore, it is impossible to alter the development and form of one pair of legs without causing similar changes in the other two pairs of legs. 
C)  The body parts develop in a modular fashion. Therefore, a genetic change could alter the development of one pair of limbs without noticeably changing the rest of the insect's body plan. 
D)  The leg pairs grow under the control of an ancient set of highly conserved genes. Therefore, all insects have more or less identical legs. Other parts of the insect body plan can evolve somewhat more freely. 
A)  A single gene controls the development of all six legs. Thus within a species, all three pairs of legs are identical. 
B)  The leg pairs all influence each other during development. Gene products move by diffusion from one segment to the other. Therefore, it is impossible to alter the development and form of one pair of legs without causing similar changes in the other two pairs of legs. 
C)  The body parts develop in a modular fashion. Therefore, a genetic change could alter the development of one pair of limbs without noticeably changing the rest of the insect's body plan. 
D)  The leg pairs grow under the control of an ancient set of highly conserved genes. Therefore, all insects have more or less identical legs. Other parts of the insect body plan can evolve somewhat more freely.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cnidarians have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while flatworms have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
B)  Nematodes have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while chordates have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
C)  Molluscs have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while cnidarians have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
D)  Sponges have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while cnidarians have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
A)  Cnidarians have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while flatworms have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
B)  Nematodes have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while chordates have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
C)  Molluscs have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while cnidarians have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
D)  Sponges have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while cnidarians have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity.

Question 18

-Which group of animals is the most diverse?

Accepted Answer

A)  sponges 
B)  deuterostomes 
C)  bilaterians 
D)  eumetazoans 
A)  sponges 
B)  deuterostomes 
C)  bilaterians 
D)  eumetazoans

Question 19

You find a wormlike, soft-bodied adult animal in a mudflat. It is bilaterally symmetrical, is segmented, has a true coelom, and has a complete digestive tract. Based on these characteristics, what phylum does the animal represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cnidaria 
B)  Platyhelminthes 
C)  Nematoda 
D)  Annelida 
A)  Cnidaria 
B)  Platyhelminthes 
C)  Nematoda 
D)  Annelida

Question 20

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of molluscs?

Accepted Answer

A)  a gastrovascular cavity with only one opening 
B)  a sessile lifestyle 
C)  an internal skeleton and segmented body plan 
D)  a rasping organ called the radula 
A)  a gastrovascular cavity with only one opening 
B)  a sessile lifestyle 
C)  an internal skeleton and segmented body plan 
D)  a rasping organ called the radula

Exam 18: The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is true?

The symmetry of echinoderms generally includes

Tapeworms are similar to fungi in that they

Which of the following phyla is most closely related to echinoderms?

A bilaterally symmetrical, wormlike animal that has a complete digestive tract and a cuticle could be a member of which of the following phyla?

Which of the following are not included among the eumetazoans that have true tissues?

Which of the following exhibits bilateral symmetry?

An organism that can fly and has an exoskeleton must be a(n)

________ are soil dwellers; ________ are mostly marine; and ________ mostly inhabit fresh water.

-Which phyla of animals are most closely related?

During the Cambrian explosion approximately 535 to 525 million years ago,

-The most obvious feature that this animal shares with annelids is

The insect body plan includes many groups of serially repeated units. For example, there are typically three pairs of legs, one on each of the three segments of the thorax. Which of the following options best describes how these pairs of legs develop and evolve?

Which of the following statements is true?

-Which group of animals is the most diverse?

You find a wormlike, soft-bodied adult animal in a mudflat. It is bilaterally symmetrical, is segmented, has a true coelom, and has a complete digestive tract. Based on these characteristics, what phylum does the animal represent?

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of molluscs?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

Filters

are soil dwellers; are mostly marine; and mostly inhabit fresh water.