Question 1

What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  12 
D)  18 
A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  12 
D)  18

Question 2

What happens to an atom if the electrons in the outer shell are altered?

Accepted Answer

A)  The atom becomes radioactive. 
B)  The atom becomes a different element. 
C)  The atom acquires different properties. 
D)  The atom loses a proton. 
A)  The atom becomes radioactive. 
B)  The atom becomes a different element. 
C)  The atom acquires different properties. 
D)  The atom loses a proton.

Question 3

Water molecules stick to other water molecules because

Accepted Answer

A)  water molecules are neutral, and neutral molecules are attracted to each other. 
B)  hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules. 
C)  covalent bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules. 
D)  the oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another. 
A)  water molecules are neutral, and neutral molecules are attracted to each other. 
B)  hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules. 
C)  covalent bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules. 
D)  the oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another.

Question 4

If you found a fossilized dinosaur bone, what could be done to accurately determine the age of the fossil?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extract and sequence DNA from the bone. 
B)  Look at pieces of the bone under a microscope. 
C)  Analyze the isotopes of carbon in the fossil. 
D)  Compare the appearance of the bone to other fossilized bones. 
A)  Extract and sequence DNA from the bone. 
B)  Look at pieces of the bone under a microscope. 
C)  Analyze the isotopes of carbon in the fossil. 
D)  Compare the appearance of the bone to other fossilized bones.

Question 5

Which of the following particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  protons and neutrons 
B)  protons and electrons 
C)  neutrons and electrons 
D)  neutrons, electrons, and protons 
A)  protons and neutrons 
B)  protons and electrons 
C)  neutrons and electrons 
D)  neutrons, electrons, and protons

Question 6

Household ammonia, or ammonium hydroxide, is a mixture of ammonia (NH3) and water. What types of bonding interactions will occur between molecules of ammonia and water in a bottle of household ammonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  polar covalent bonds between positively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and negatively charged oxygen atoms in water 
B)  polar covalent bonds between negatively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and positively charged hydrogen atoms in water 
C)  hydrogen bonds between positively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and negatively charged oxygen atoms in water 
D)  hydrogen bonds between negatively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and positively charged hydrogen atoms in water 
A)  polar covalent bonds between positively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and negatively charged oxygen atoms in water 
B)  polar covalent bonds between negatively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and positively charged hydrogen atoms in water 
C)  hydrogen bonds between positively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and negatively charged oxygen atoms in water 
D)  hydrogen bonds between negatively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and positively charged hydrogen atoms in water

Question 7

When full, the innermost electron shell of argon contains ________ electrons, and the outermost shell contains ________ electrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  2; 2 
B)  2; 8 
C)  4; 8 
D)  8; 8 
A)  2; 2 
B)  2; 8 
C)  4; 8 
D)  8; 8

Question 8

Below is the structure of leucine, an amino acid. What type of bond is the arrow pointing to?

Accepted Answer

A)  a nonpolar covalent bond 
B)  a polar covalent bond 
C)  an ionic bond 
D)  a hydrogen bond 
A)  a nonpolar covalent bond 
B)  a polar covalent bond 
C)  an ionic bond 
D)  a hydrogen bond

Question 9

Consider the following situations: (1) a magnesium atom and two chlorine atoms join together to form a molecule of magnesium chloride; (2) water molecules interact with each other in a beaker; and (3) two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms join together to form ethane. Rank the strength of the bonding interactions taking place in each situation, from the weakest bonds to the strongest bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 < 2 < 3 
B)  3 < 2 < 1 
C)  2 < 3 < 1 
D)  2 < 1 < 3 
A)  1 < 2 < 3 
B)  3 < 2 < 1 
C)  2 < 3 < 1 
D)  2 < 1 < 3

Question 10

You want to design a controlled experiment to determine which tablet, PEPCID AC or Alka-Seltzer, neutralizes stomach acid the quickest. Which of the following experiments would be the best to perform?

Accepted Answer

A)  Place a PEPCID AC tablet in a beaker of acid at pH 2 and an Alka-Seltzer tablet in a separate beaker of acid at pH 2 and check the pH in the beakers every 2 minutes. 
B)  Take a PEPCID AC tablet at 8:00 am on Monday and take an Alka-Seltzer tablet at 8:00 am on Tuesday and take note of how long it takes you to feel better. 
C)  Find a group of your friends and go out to a big dinner. Then give half of them a PEPCID AC tablet and give the other half an Alka-Seltzer tablet and tell them to write down how long it takes them to feel better. 
D)  Place a PEPCID AC tablet in a beaker of acid at pH 2 and an Alka-Seltzer tablet in a separate beaker of acid at pH 2 and record how long it takes for the tablets to dissolve. 
A)  Place a PEPCID AC tablet in a beaker of acid at pH 2 and an Alka-Seltzer tablet in a separate beaker of acid at pH 2 and check the pH in the beakers every 2 minutes. 
B)  Take a PEPCID AC tablet at 8:00 am on Monday and take an Alka-Seltzer tablet at 8:00 am on Tuesday and take note of how long it takes you to feel better. 
C)  Find a group of your friends and go out to a big dinner. Then give half of them a PEPCID AC tablet and give the other half an Alka-Seltzer tablet and tell them to write down how long it takes them to feel better. 
D)  Place a PEPCID AC tablet in a beaker of acid at pH 2 and an Alka-Seltzer tablet in a separate beaker of acid at pH 2 and record how long it takes for the tablets to dissolve.

Question 11

What change is occurring in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlorine is losing an electron. 
B)  Sodium is becoming negatively charged. 
C)  Sodium is filling its second electron shell. 
D)  Chlorine is filling its third electron shell. 
A)  Chlorine is losing an electron. 
B)  Sodium is becoming negatively charged. 
C)  Sodium is filling its second electron shell. 
D)  Chlorine is filling its third electron shell.

Question 12

If you were able to chemically analyze your stomach fluids 30 minutes after taking two tablets, you would find

Accepted Answer

A)  more hydrogen ions. 
B)  fewer hydrogen ions. 
C)  the same number of hydrogen ions. 
D)  that the pH in your stomach has decreased. 
A)  more hydrogen ions. 
B)  fewer hydrogen ions. 
C)  the same number of hydrogen ions. 
D)  that the pH in your stomach has decreased.

Question 13

You've made a hot drink by dissolving a teaspoon of instant coffee and a teaspoon of sugar in a cup of hot water. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  You've just prepared an aqueous solution. 
B)  The water is the solute portion of the drink. 
C)  The instant coffee is basic and the water is acidic so they mix well. 
D)  The instant coffee and sugar dissolve because they have no charged regions to repel the partial positive and partial negative regions of the water molecules. 
A)  You've just prepared an aqueous solution. 
B)  The water is the solute portion of the drink. 
C)  The instant coffee is basic and the water is acidic so they mix well. 
D)  The instant coffee and sugar dissolve because they have no charged regions to repel the partial positive and partial negative regions of the water molecules.

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?

What happens to an atom if the electrons in the outer shell are altered?

Water molecules stick to other water molecules because

If you found a fossilized dinosaur bone, what could be done to accurately determine the age of the fossil?

Which of the following particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Household ammonia, or ammonium hydroxide, is a mixture of ammonia (NH3) and water. What types of bonding interactions will occur between molecules of ammonia and water in a bottle of household ammonia?

When full, the innermost electron shell of argon contains ________ electrons, and the outermost shell contains ________ electrons.

Below is the structure of leucine, an amino acid. What type of bond is the arrow pointing to?

You want to design a controlled experiment to determine which tablet, PEPCID AC or Alka-Seltzer, neutralizes stomach acid the quickest. Which of the following experiments would be the best to perform?

What change is occurring in this figure?

If you were able to chemically analyze your stomach fluids 30 minutes after taking two tablets, you would find

You've made a hot drink by dissolving a teaspoon of instant coffee and a teaspoon of sugar in a cup of hot water. Which of the following statements is true?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

Filters

Household ammonia, or ammonium hydroxide, is a mixture of ammonia (NH₃) and water. What types of bonding interactions will occur between molecules of ammonia and water in a bottle of household ammonia?

When full, the innermost electron shell of argon contains electrons, and the outermost shell contains electrons.