Question 1

Smooth muscle propels food through the alimentary canal by a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  ingestion. 
B)  digestion. 
C)  elimination. 
D)  peristalsis. 
A)  ingestion. 
B)  digestion. 
C)  elimination. 
D)  peristalsis.

Question 2

-A normal BMI (body mass index) for a person who is 6' 1" and weighs 150 pounds would be

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 18.5-20. 
B)  approximately 23-24. 
C)  approximately 17.5-18.5. 
D)  approximately 25-26. 
A)  approximately 18.5-20. 
B)  approximately 23-24. 
C)  approximately 17.5-18.5. 
D)  approximately 25-26.

Question 3

Since the fall of 2012, public schools have had to meet new nutrition standards (which included offering more fruits and vegetables) for their lunches. In 2013, the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) reviewed data from the 2005 School Nutrition and Dietary Assessment to investigate whether students in schools that were already following the new standards (school group A) ate more fruits and vegetables than students in schools that were not following the new standards (school group B).
You will be presented with some of the overall findings of the review and will then be asked questions related to these conclusions.
-Finding #1: If schools offered greater amounts of fruits and vegetables, then more students ate them. However, many students in both schools did not did not eat any fruits and vegetables. This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  offering more fruits and vegetables increases the chances that students will eat them, but simply offering more may not be the only solution to bettering child lunch nutrition. 
B)  a lower amount of fruits and vegetables should be offered to students in both school group A and school group B. 
C)  offering more fruits and vegetables decreases the chances that students in school group B will eat them but increases the chances that students in school group A will eat them. 
D)  offering more fruits and vegetables increases the chances that students will eat them but only if they have all essential vitamins and minerals. 
A)  offering more fruits and vegetables increases the chances that students will eat them, but simply offering more may not be the only solution to bettering child lunch nutrition. 
B)  a lower amount of fruits and vegetables should be offered to students in both school group A and school group B. 
C)  offering more fruits and vegetables decreases the chances that students in school group B will eat them but increases the chances that students in school group A will eat them. 
D)  offering more fruits and vegetables increases the chances that students will eat them but only if they have all essential vitamins and minerals.

Question 4

Which of the following choices correctly pairs a mineral with one of its major functions in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium, used in amino acid metabolism 
B)  phosphorus, maintaining water balance 
C)  iron, component of the nucleic acid backbone 
D)  sodium, maintaining water balance in cells 
A)  calcium, used in amino acid metabolism 
B)  phosphorus, maintaining water balance 
C)  iron, component of the nucleic acid backbone 
D)  sodium, maintaining water balance in cells

Question 5

To reduce the risk of cancer, it has been suggested that a diet high in ________ is beneficial.

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin E 
B)  bacon 
C)  red meat 
D)  antioxidants 
A)  vitamin E 
B)  bacon 
C)  red meat 
D)  antioxidants

Question 6

Malnutrition can cause a variety of health problems, including being underweight, due to unbalanced or insufficient diet. It is estimated that in 2015, approximately 14% of preschool-age children globally will be underweight (WHO and UNICEF Joint Global Nutrition Database, 2011). While this is a high percentage, it is a drop from approximately 25% just 25 years earlier.
Consider the following data table and answer the questions that follow.
  
-The data for the developed countries category indicate that developed countries (for example, the United States) have the lowest estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015. However, what is concerning about these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is little variation in estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015. 
B)  These are the only data provided that show an increase in estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015. 
C)  The estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children is very similar in year 1995 and year 2000. 
D)  The estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015 is only slightly below the data for the Caribbean region. 
A)  There is little variation in estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015. 
B)  These are the only data provided that show an increase in estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015. 
C)  The estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children is very similar in year 1995 and year 2000. 
D)  The estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015 is only slightly below the data for the Caribbean region.

Question 7

Why would a person not get vitamin A from a salad filled with leafy green vegetables unless the salad also has some fat source such as nuts, cheese, or meat?

Accepted Answer

A)  because vitamin A is fat-soluble 
B)  because vitamin A is only found in meat 
C)  because vitamin A is water-soluble 
D)  because vitamin A is needed to maintain osmotic balance of human cells 
A)  because vitamin A is fat-soluble 
B)  because vitamin A is only found in meat 
C)  because vitamin A is water-soluble 
D)  because vitamin A is needed to maintain osmotic balance of human cells

Question 8

Regulation of the passage of food from the stomach is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A)  peristalsis. 
B)  nutrient absorption. 
C)  sphincters. 
D)  the stomach lining. 
A)  peristalsis. 
B)  nutrient absorption. 
C)  sphincters. 
D)  the stomach lining.

Question 9

Metabolic activities that involve "burning" carbohydrates release energy. When our bodies "burn" carbohydrates, what are we doing?

Accepted Answer

A)  transferring some energy from the carbohydrate molecule to other molecules and releasing lower-energy food molecules into the alimentary canal 
B)  breaking down food molecules into smaller molecules such as simple sugars that have more energy than the original food molecule and can be used in the cell more easily 
C)  transferring energy from the bonds in food molecules to molecules that make that energy more readily available (like ATP) and releasing simple low-energy molecules (like CO2 and H2O) to the environment 
D)  breaking down carbohydrate molecules to smaller components that are then used to build larger molecules that the body needs 
A)  transferring some energy from the carbohydrate molecule to other molecules and releasing lower-energy food molecules into the alimentary canal 
B)  breaking down food molecules into smaller molecules such as simple sugars that have more energy than the original food molecule and can be used in the cell more easily 
C)  transferring energy from the bonds in food molecules to molecules that make that energy more readily available (like ATP) and releasing simple low-energy molecules (like CO2 and H2O) to the environment 
D)  breaking down carbohydrate molecules to smaller components that are then used to build larger molecules that the body needs

Question 10

The main function of the hindgut in the grasshopper is to

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorb water and compact wastes. 
B)  digest food. 
C)  absorb nutrients. 
D)  absorb vitamins and pulverize food. 
A)  reabsorb water and compact wastes. 
B)  digest food. 
C)  absorb nutrients. 
D)  absorb vitamins and pulverize food.

Question 11

Which of the following contributes to the the digestion of lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  pepsin 
B)  amylase 
C)  bile salts 
D)  trypsin 
A)  pepsin 
B)  amylase 
C)  bile salts 
D)  trypsin

Question 12

Vegetarians who rely upon a single type of plant food

Accepted Answer

A)  may become severely dehydrated. 
B)  run the risk of depleting their liver of glycogen. 
C)  are soon unable to produce sufficient quantities of bile. 
D)  may become protein-deficient. 
A)  may become severely dehydrated. 
B)  run the risk of depleting their liver of glycogen. 
C)  are soon unable to produce sufficient quantities of bile. 
D)  may become protein-deficient.

Question 13

All animals must obtain ________ from outside sources.

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  fuel to power body activities 
C)  enzymes 
D)  chyme 
A)  ATP 
B)  fuel to power body activities 
C)  enzymes 
D)  chyme

Question 14

What is the main digestive function of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A)  to produce digestive enzymes and bile salts 
B)  to produce digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution 
C)  to produce bicarbonate-containing mucus 
D)  to aid in the control of cholesterol 
A)  to produce digestive enzymes and bile salts 
B)  to produce digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution 
C)  to produce bicarbonate-containing mucus 
D)  to aid in the control of cholesterol

Question 15

Which of the following mechanisms helps keep the stomach lining in place despite the destructive force of gastric juice?

Accepted Answer

A)  digestion of protein by pepsin 
B)  secretion of acid-neutralizing compounds 
C)  generation through mitosis of new cells to replace the stomach lining 
D)  protection of the cells of the stomach-lining by parietal cells 
A)  digestion of protein by pepsin 
B)  secretion of acid-neutralizing compounds 
C)  generation through mitosis of new cells to replace the stomach lining 
D)  protection of the cells of the stomach-lining by parietal cells

Question 16

The stomach mixes food with secretions of the stomach wall to form

Accepted Answer

A)  gastric juice. 
B)  a bolus. 
C)  gastrin. 
D)  chyme. 
A)  gastric juice. 
B)  a bolus. 
C)  gastrin. 
D)  chyme.

Exam 21: Nutrition and Digestion

Smooth muscle propels food through the alimentary canal by a process called

-A normal BMI (body mass index) for a person who is 6' 1" and weighs 150 pounds would be

Which of the following choices correctly pairs a mineral with one of its major functions in the body?

To reduce the risk of cancer, it has been suggested that a diet high in ________ is beneficial.

Why would a person not get vitamin A from a salad filled with leafy green vegetables unless the salad also has some fat source such as nuts, cheese, or meat?

Regulation of the passage of food from the stomach is accomplished by

Metabolic activities that involve "burning" carbohydrates release energy. When our bodies "burn" carbohydrates, what are we doing?

The main function of the hindgut in the grasshopper is to

Which of the following contributes to the the digestion of lipids?

Vegetarians who rely upon a single type of plant food

All animals must obtain ________ from outside sources.

What is the main digestive function of the pancreas?

Which of the following mechanisms helps keep the stomach lining in place despite the destructive force of gastric juice?

The stomach mixes food with secretions of the stomach wall to form

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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