Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding animals is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals that eat plants are called herbivores. 
B)  Animals that eat meat are called carnivores. 
C)  Animals that live in or on their food source and eat their way through it are called suspension feeders. 
D)  Animals that extract food particles suspended in the surrounding water are called fluid feeders. 
A)  Animals that eat plants are called herbivores. 
B)  Animals that eat meat are called carnivores. 
C)  Animals that live in or on their food source and eat their way through it are called suspension feeders. 
D)  Animals that extract food particles suspended in the surrounding water are called fluid feeders.

Question 2

Lack of exercise and activity can be one of several reasons a person might become constipated, or be unable to have regular bowel movements. Which of the four stages of food processing is directly affected in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  absorption 
D)  elimination 
A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  absorption 
D)  elimination

Question 3

You are trying to cut down on the number of dessert foods that you eat as one effort toward losing weight. You don't feel ready to cut all sweets from your diet, so you decide to buy a dessert snack item that comes in small packages (hoping that the smaller amount will satisfy your cravings for sweet foods). In the grocery store, you study the label shown here for 100-calorie pouches of Krispy Krackers.
  
-What percentage of the daily value of water-soluble vitamins is provided by this package of cookies?

Accepted Answer

A)  0% 
B)  2% 
C)  3% 
D)  4% 
A)  0% 
B)  2% 
C)  3% 
D)  4%

Question 4

Which of the following choices lists the organs of the bird digestive system in the correct order, from first to last contact with food material?

Accepted Answer

A)  esophagus, stomach, gizzard, crop, intestine, anus 
B)  esophagus, gizzard, crop, stomach, intestine, anus 
C)  esophagus, crop, stomach, gizzard, intestine, anus 
D)  esophagus, crop, gizzard, stomach, intestine, anus 
A)  esophagus, stomach, gizzard, crop, intestine, anus 
B)  esophagus, gizzard, crop, stomach, intestine, anus 
C)  esophagus, crop, stomach, gizzard, intestine, anus 
D)  esophagus, crop, gizzard, stomach, intestine, anus

Question 5

You are trying to cut down on the number of dessert foods that you eat as one effort toward losing weight. You don't feel ready to cut all sweets from your diet, so you decide to buy a dessert snack item that comes in small packages (hoping that the smaller amount will satisfy your cravings for sweet foods). In the grocery store, you study the label shown here for 100-calorie pouches of Krispy Krackers.
  
-According to the Krispy Kracker label, which of the following contains the highest percentage of nutrients needed for human diets?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  iron 
C)  sodium 
D)  cholesterol 
A)  calcium 
B)  iron 
C)  sodium 
D)  cholesterol

Question 6

Which of the following is widely regarded as a healthy approach to losing weight?

Accepted Answer

A)  gastric bypass surgery 
B)  regularly engaging in exercise in addition to monitoring food intake 
C)  substituting fatty acids for carbohydrates 
D)  trimming daily carbohydrates back to less than 80 grams per day 
A)  gastric bypass surgery 
B)  regularly engaging in exercise in addition to monitoring food intake 
C)  substituting fatty acids for carbohydrates 
D)  trimming daily carbohydrates back to less than 80 grams per day

Question 7

Which of the following digestive system structures is greatly expanded in size in koalas, resulting in a very large surface area for prokaryotes to digest plant material?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach 
B)  rumen 
C)  cecum 
D)  gall bladder 
A)  stomach 
B)  rumen 
C)  cecum 
D)  gall bladder

Question 8

Scientists have studied the effects of television watching on the metabolic rate of children and its potential implications for childhood obesity. In a study of 15 obese children and 16 non-obese children, it was found that the metabolic rate of all children significantly decreased while watching television compared to their metabolic rate when they were at normal rest. The drop was greater for obese children, but the difference in drops between the two groups of children was not statistically significant. What is a reasonable conclusion to draw from this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Television watching does not contribute at all to childhood obesity. 
B)  Television watching likely contributes to adult obesity but not childhood obesity. 
C)  Television watching contributes more to childhood obesity than the overconsumption of sugary foods. 
D)  Television watching is an activity that should be carefully considered when studying factors that may affect childhood obesity. 
A)  Television watching does not contribute at all to childhood obesity. 
B)  Television watching likely contributes to adult obesity but not childhood obesity. 
C)  Television watching contributes more to childhood obesity than the overconsumption of sugary foods. 
D)  Television watching is an activity that should be carefully considered when studying factors that may affect childhood obesity.

Question 9

Malnutrition can cause a variety of health problems, including being underweight, due to unbalanced or insufficient diet. It is estimated that in 2015, approximately 14% of preschool-age children globally will be underweight (WHO and UNICEF Joint Global Nutrition Database, 2011). While this is a high percentage, it is a drop from approximately 25% just 25 years earlier.
Consider the following data table and answer the questions that follow.
  
-Africa and the Latin America and Caribbean regions show a similar overall drop in estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015: 5.9% and 4.8%, respectively. In the year 2011, the population of Africa was close to 1 billion, while the population of the Latin America and Caribbean regions was closer to 500 million. Based on this population data, which of these two regions' drop in percentage is more dramatic, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Africa, because it has a higher number of subregions 
B)  Since the two drop averages are so similar over the same time period, they are equally significant. 
C)  Africa, because it started at a much higher percentage rate than the Latin America and Caribbean regions 
D)  Africa, because approximately two times as many individuals were removed from the malnourished designation 
A)  Africa, because it has a higher number of subregions 
B)  Since the two drop averages are so similar over the same time period, they are equally significant. 
C)  Africa, because it started at a much higher percentage rate than the Latin America and Caribbean regions 
D)  Africa, because approximately two times as many individuals were removed from the malnourished designation

Question 10

Enzymes are required to help digest the four large macromolecules found in the foods we eat. Which of the following is not a true representation of the enzymes that digest these macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by pancreatic amylase to maltose, which is then hydrolyzed by maltase to form monosaccharides. 
B)  Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by nucleases to maltose, which is then hydrolyzed by lipase to form monosaccharides. 
C)  Polypeptides are hydrolyzed by trypsin to small polypeptides, which are then hydrolyzed by peptidases to form amino acids. 
D)  Fat globules are hydrolyzed by bile salt fat droplets, which are then hydrolyzed by lipase to form fatty acids and glycerol. 
A)  Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by pancreatic amylase to maltose, which is then hydrolyzed by maltase to form monosaccharides. 
B)  Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by nucleases to maltose, which is then hydrolyzed by lipase to form monosaccharides. 
C)  Polypeptides are hydrolyzed by trypsin to small polypeptides, which are then hydrolyzed by peptidases to form amino acids. 
D)  Fat globules are hydrolyzed by bile salt fat droplets, which are then hydrolyzed by lipase to form fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 11

Malnutrition can cause a variety of health problems, including being underweight, due to unbalanced or insufficient diet. It is estimated that in 2015, approximately 14% of preschool-age children globally will be underweight (WHO and UNICEF Joint Global Nutrition Database, 2011). While this is a high percentage, it is a drop from approximately 25% just 25 years earlier.
Consider the following data table and answer the questions that follow.
  
-Which of the following regions has the greatest total percentage decrease in estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015?

Accepted Answer

A)  Africa 
B)  Asia 
C)  Latin America and Caribbean 
D)  Oceania 
A)  Africa 
B)  Asia 
C)  Latin America and Caribbean 
D)  Oceania

Question 12

Essential fatty acids, which are required in the human diet, are

Accepted Answer

A)  those fatty acids that humans are unable to synthesize. 
B)  the fatty acids that humans can synthesize from simpler molecules. 
C)  the fatty acids used in the construction of the phospholipids of cell membranes. 
D)  stored in the gallbladder. 
A)  those fatty acids that humans are unable to synthesize. 
B)  the fatty acids that humans can synthesize from simpler molecules. 
C)  the fatty acids used in the construction of the phospholipids of cell membranes. 
D)  stored in the gallbladder.

Question 13

What is the digestive system microbiome?

Accepted Answer

A)  all of the "good" bacteria living in a person's digestive system 
B)  all of the "bad" bacteria living in a person's digestive system 
C)  all of the bacteria living in a person's digestive system 
A)  all of the "good" bacteria living in a person's digestive system 
B)  all of the "bad" bacteria living in a person's digestive system 
C)  all of the bacteria living in a person's digestive system

Question 14

During which of the following stages of food processing is undigested material removed from the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption 
B)  elimination 
C)  digestion 
D)  ingestion 
A)  absorption 
B)  elimination 
C)  digestion 
D)  ingestion

Question 15

What is the name given to the starch-digesting enzyme secreted by salivary glands?

Accepted Answer

A)  bile 
B)  lipase 
C)  pepsin 
D)  amylase 
A)  bile 
B)  lipase 
C)  pepsin 
D)  amylase

Question 16

When the wall of the stomach cannot protect the organ from the effects of digestion, the result is

Accepted Answer

A)  heartburn. 
B)  peristalsis. 
C)  nausea. 
D)  a gastric ulcer. 
A)  heartburn. 
B)  peristalsis. 
C)  nausea. 
D)  a gastric ulcer.

Question 17

An alimentary canal is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the compartment in which an animal temporarily stores its food. 
B)  a digestive cavity in which food is only churned and mixed. 
C)  a tube-shaped compartment for the transport, digestion, and absorption of food. 
D)  an organ that allows for the regulation of food passage. 
A)  the compartment in which an animal temporarily stores its food. 
B)  a digestive cavity in which food is only churned and mixed. 
C)  a tube-shaped compartment for the transport, digestion, and absorption of food. 
D)  an organ that allows for the regulation of food passage.

Question 18

An animal digestive tract that consists of two openings (a mouth and anus) is called an

Accepted Answer

A)  excretory system. 
B)  alimentary canal. 
C)  intestine. 
D)  avian (bird) crop. 
A)  excretory system. 
B)  alimentary canal. 
C)  intestine. 
D)  avian (bird) crop.

Question 19

Which of the following nutrients is digested only after it reaches the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  fat 
B)  protein 
C)  starch 
D)  polypeptide 
A)  fat 
B)  protein 
C)  starch 
D)  polypeptide

Question 20

Pica is a disorder that is characterized by a desire to consume dirt or clay, both of which contain iron. Pica can be associated with an iron deficiency that may cause

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle cramps. 
B)  tooth decay. 
C)  anemia. 
D)  paralysis. 
A)  muscle cramps. 
B)  tooth decay. 
C)  anemia. 
D)  paralysis.

Exam 21: Nutrition and Digestion

Which of the following statements regarding animals is false?

Lack of exercise and activity can be one of several reasons a person might become constipated, or be unable to have regular bowel movements. Which of the four stages of food processing is directly affected in this situation?

Which of the following choices lists the organs of the bird digestive system in the correct order, from first to last contact with food material?

Which of the following is widely regarded as a healthy approach to losing weight?

Which of the following digestive system structures is greatly expanded in size in koalas, resulting in a very large surface area for prokaryotes to digest plant material?

Enzymes are required to help digest the four large macromolecules found in the foods we eat. Which of the following is not a true representation of the enzymes that digest these macromolecules?

Essential fatty acids, which are required in the human diet, are

What is the digestive system microbiome?

During which of the following stages of food processing is undigested material removed from the digestive tract?

What is the name given to the starch-digesting enzyme secreted by salivary glands?

When the wall of the stomach cannot protect the organ from the effects of digestion, the result is

An alimentary canal is best defined as

An animal digestive tract that consists of two openings (a mouth and anus) is called an

Which of the following nutrients is digested only after it reaches the small intestine?

Pica is a disorder that is characterized by a desire to consume dirt or clay, both of which contain iron. Pica can be associated with an iron deficiency that may cause

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

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Conservation Biology

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