Question 1

The basic function of activated T cells is to battle

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogens in blood or lymph. 
B)  pathogens in interstitial fluid. 
C)  pathogens that have already entered body cells. 
D)  chemical mediators of immunity. 
A)  pathogens in blood or lymph. 
B)  pathogens in interstitial fluid. 
C)  pathogens that have already entered body cells. 
D)  chemical mediators of immunity.

Question 2

Suppose you design a study to test this hypothesis. Your study participants are adults between the ages of 25 and 40 (mean age = 32). You work with an oncologist to determine if the study participants have an HPV-related cancer, and you also measure the concentration of anti-HPV antibodies in their blood. Answer the following questions regarding this study.After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
HPV is an infection that is normally fought by the human immune system, but it can lead to cancer in some individuals. While we already know that HPV vaccines help prevent HPV-related cancer, researchers are unsure as to what level of antibody concentration a person needs in order to be protected from HPV-related cancers. Scientists hypothesize that higher anti-HPV antibody levels may provide greater protection from HPV-related cancers compared to lower levels. However, strong evidence does not yet exist to support this hypothesis.
-From the following choices, select the groups of individuals who would make the best participants for the experimental group in your study.

Accepted Answer

A)  a group of 100 vaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult females 
B)  a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult males 
C)  a group of 50 vaccinated adult males and a group of 150 vaccinated adult females 
D)  a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 unvaccinated adult females 
A)  a group of 100 vaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult females 
B)  a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult males 
C)  a group of 50 vaccinated adult males and a group of 150 vaccinated adult females 
D)  a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 unvaccinated adult females

Question 3

Which of the following cell types is responsible for the cell-mediated immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells 
B)  B cells 
C)  leukocytes 
D)  red blood cells 
A)  T cells 
B)  B cells 
C)  leukocytes 
D)  red blood cells

Question 4

Which is the correct order of steps taken by B and T cells to defend against infection in body fluids and cells? 1. B and T cells move to the lymph nodes, spleen, and other parts of the lymphatic system.
2) B and T cells leave the bone marrow and thymus and move to the bloodstream.
3) B and T cells meet and begin to fight viruses or other infectious agents.
4) B and T cells develop antigen receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 2, 1, 3 
B)  2, 4, 3, 1 
C)  4, 3, 2, 1 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
A)  4, 2, 1, 3 
B)  2, 4, 3, 1 
C)  4, 3, 2, 1 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3

Question 5

The two main functions of the lymphatic system are

Accepted Answer

A)  coagulating blood and fighting infections. 
B)  producing hormones that regulate the immune system and coagulating blood. 
C)  producing hormones that regulate the immune system and fighting infections. 
D)  returning tissue fluid to the circulatory system and fighting infections. 
A)  coagulating blood and fighting infections. 
B)  producing hormones that regulate the immune system and coagulating blood. 
C)  producing hormones that regulate the immune system and fighting infections. 
D)  returning tissue fluid to the circulatory system and fighting infections.

Question 6

A woman sustains irreversible damage to her left lung after being injured in a fire. Her identical twin sister, who lives in another state, offers to donate one of her lungs to her injured sibling. Would physicians view this as an organ transplant surgery with a strong chance of success?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes; the identical twins would have highly similar self-proteins, and this would likely minimize rejection by cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  Yes; the identical twins would have highly different self-proteins, and this would likely minimize rejection by B cells. 
C)  No; the identical twins would have highly similar self-proteins, and this would likely minimize rejection by cytotoxic T cells. 
A)  Yes; the identical twins would have highly similar self-proteins, and this would likely minimize rejection by cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  Yes; the identical twins would have highly different self-proteins, and this would likely minimize rejection by B cells. 
C)  No; the identical twins would have highly similar self-proteins, and this would likely minimize rejection by cytotoxic T cells.

Question 7

Because cytotoxic T cells can recognize viral proteins, they can destroy these infected cells. This is particularly important to individuals with certain kinds of cancers because

Accepted Answer

A)  destroying the infected cells can help slow the spread of the infected cells. 
B)  destroying the infected cells can help quicken the spread of the infected cells. 
C)  destroying the infected cells can help prevent future infections of other viruses. 
A)  destroying the infected cells can help slow the spread of the infected cells. 
B)  destroying the infected cells can help quicken the spread of the infected cells. 
C)  destroying the infected cells can help prevent future infections of other viruses.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about HIV is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The genome of HIV consists of RNA. 
B)  HIV attacks mast cells. 
C)  HIV replicates inside helper T cells. 
D)  Some drugs have proven effective in combating the spread of HIV from mothers to their children. 
A)  The genome of HIV consists of RNA. 
B)  HIV attacks mast cells. 
C)  HIV replicates inside helper T cells. 
D)  Some drugs have proven effective in combating the spread of HIV from mothers to their children.

Question 9

Antibody molecules may function by causing the

Accepted Answer

A)  destruction of complement proteins. 
B)  agglutination of viruses or bacteria. 
C)  destruction of B and T cells. 
D)  crystallization of antigenic particles. 
A)  destruction of complement proteins. 
B)  agglutination of viruses or bacteria. 
C)  destruction of B and T cells. 
D)  crystallization of antigenic particles.

Question 10

One kind of vaccine consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells. 
B)  B cells. 
C)  a harmless variant strain of a disease-causing microbe. 
D)  antibiotics. 
A)  T cells. 
B)  B cells. 
C)  a harmless variant strain of a disease-causing microbe. 
D)  antibiotics.

Question 11

Which of the following distinguishes the secondary immune response from the primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  The primary response is specific; the secondary one is not. 
B)  The secondary response is faster and stronger. 
C)  The primary response involves B cells; the secondary one involves T cells. 
D)  The secondary response allows different antigens to be recognized faster. 
A)  The primary response is specific; the secondary one is not. 
B)  The secondary response is faster and stronger. 
C)  The primary response involves B cells; the secondary one involves T cells. 
D)  The secondary response allows different antigens to be recognized faster.

Question 12

Enzymes are to active sites as

Accepted Answer

A)  antigenic binding sites are to antigenic determinants. 
B)  viruses are to antigens. 
C)  antigens are to epitopes. 
D)  antigenic determinants are to epitopes. 
A)  antigenic binding sites are to antigenic determinants. 
B)  viruses are to antigens. 
C)  antigens are to epitopes. 
D)  antigenic determinants are to epitopes.

Question 13

Which of the following compounds is produced and secreted by mast cells during an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  interferon 
B)  allergens 
C)  histamine 
D)  perforin 
A)  interferon 
B)  allergens 
C)  histamine 
D)  perforin

Question 14

A physician sees a new patient who is 25 years old. The patient reports that she has been experiencing recurrent ear, nose, and throat problems resulting from various infections since she was about 5 years old. The infections last for long periods of time and are difficult to treat. The physician suspects that the patient may have

Accepted Answer

A)  an autoimmune disorder. 
B)  an allergic reaction. 
C)  an immunodeficiency disorder. 
D)  abnormal levels of allergens. 
A)  an autoimmune disorder. 
B)  an allergic reaction. 
C)  an immunodeficiency disorder. 
D)  abnormal levels of allergens.

Question 15

Natural killer cells

Accepted Answer

A)  are phagocytes that attack and kill pathogenic microorganisms. 
B)  attack virus-infected cells by releasing chemicals that lead to cell death. 
C)  tag pathogenic microorganisms with antibodies. 
D)  "eat" microorganisms that have been tagged with antibodies. 
A)  are phagocytes that attack and kill pathogenic microorganisms. 
B)  attack virus-infected cells by releasing chemicals that lead to cell death. 
C)  tag pathogenic microorganisms with antibodies. 
D)  "eat" microorganisms that have been tagged with antibodies.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about AIDS is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The AIDS vaccine can prevent the spread of HIV. 
B)  There is now a treatment for AIDS that is simple and effective. 
C)  Using condoms during sex prevents the spread of the virus that causes AIDS. 
D)  AIDS patients live no longer than 2 to 3 years. 
A)  The AIDS vaccine can prevent the spread of HIV. 
B)  There is now a treatment for AIDS that is simple and effective. 
C)  Using condoms during sex prevents the spread of the virus that causes AIDS. 
D)  AIDS patients live no longer than 2 to 3 years.

Exam 24: The Immune System

The basic function of activated T cells is to battle

Which of the following cell types is responsible for the cell-mediated immune response?

The two main functions of the lymphatic system are

A woman sustains irreversible damage to her left lung after being injured in a fire. Her identical twin sister, who lives in another state, offers to donate one of her lungs to her injured sibling. Would physicians view this as an organ transplant surgery with a strong chance of success?

Because cytotoxic T cells can recognize viral proteins, they can destroy these infected cells. This is particularly important to individuals with certain kinds of cancers because

Which of the following statements about HIV is false?

Antibody molecules may function by causing the

One kind of vaccine consists of

Which of the following distinguishes the secondary immune response from the primary immune response?

Enzymes are to active sites as

Which of the following compounds is produced and secreted by mast cells during an allergic reaction?

Natural killer cells

Which of the following statements about AIDS is true?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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