Exam 24: The Immune System

Antigens can be all of the following except

Which part of this figure shows a clone of memory cells?

Which of the following are examples of innate immunity? 1. stomach pH 2) natural killer cells 3) B lymphocytes 4) fever

After binding to an infected cell, the cytotoxic T cell

________ are a component of the immune system that are able to destroy cancer cells by deploying toxins into infected cells as a means of killing them. In this role they are cytotoxic-that is, "cell killing."

Virus-infected cells produce ________, proteins that help neighboring cells fight further viral infections.

Some complement proteins

In May 2013, a drug-resistant strain of H7N9 bird flu was discovered in China. The implication of a drug-resistant virus strain is that it

A molecule that can elicit an adaptive immune response is called a(n)

While playing soccer in your backyard, you disrupt a small fire ant mound. The fire ants emerge and bite your feet. Your feet begin to show swollen, raised areas around the bites. What is happening?

The secondary immune response occurs when memory cells are activated by a second exposure to

Spring has arrived, and you notice your neighbors are cutting their grass. When you walk outside to check if your mail has arrived, your eyes begin to water and feel itchy. You are more than likely experiencing

Suppose that a person has a mutation in a gene that encodes an enzyme responsible for the production of histamine. In this person, mast cells cannot produce and secrete histamine. Which of the following outcomes is most likely to happen if an injury occurs?

What type of immune response is always disadvantageous to a person?

The human lymphatic system consists of all of the following structures except the

Which of the following cell types is responsible for the humoral immune response?

Where is the antigen-binding site of this antibody?

Scientists measured whether individuals who had been vaccinated with anti-HPV vaccines (Gardasil and Cervarix) had detectable levels of anti-HPV antibodies in their blood many years after receiving the vaccines. The data are shown here. Based only on these data, which of the following policy recommendations would you make to the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention (the agency that sets vaccination schedules) regarding anti-HPV vaccines?

The second vaccination is beneficial because it

Suppose you design a study to test this hypothesis. Your study participants are adults between the ages of 25 and 40 (mean age = 32). You work with an oncologist to determine if the study participants have an HPV-related cancer, and you also measure the concentration of anti-HPV antibodies in their blood. Answer the following questions regarding this study.After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow. HPV is an infection that is normally fought by the human immune system, but it can lead to cancer in some individuals. While we already know that HPV vaccines help prevent HPV-related cancer, researchers are unsure as to what level of antibody concentration a person needs in order to be protected from HPV-related cancers. Scientists hypothesize that higher anti-HPV antibody levels may provide greater protection from HPV-related cancers compared to lower levels. However, strong evidence does not yet exist to support this hypothesis. -From the following choices, select the groups of individuals who would make the best participants for the control group in your study.