Exam 30: How Animals Move

Vertebrae are differentiated during embryonic development by the

The sequence of events that cause a sarcomere to contract can be summed up in the correct order as

The "Ironman" is a version of the triathlon, a race that includes three events: swimming, bicycling, and running. In an Ironman, an athlete must swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run 26.2 miles, in that order, without a break. The annual Ironman World Championship is held in Hawaii every year. The men's course record was set in 2011 by Australia's Craig Alexander with a time of 8 hours, 18 minutes, and 37 seconds, and the women's course record was set in 2009 by England's Chrissie Wellington with a time of 8 hours, 54 minutes, and 2 seconds. -What type of muscle fibers would likely be found in the legs of athletes who attempt to complete this race?

Acetylcholine (ACh) is released by motor neurons and binds to receptors on muscle cells to initiate action potentials. Some snake venom contains specific toxins that bind irreversibly to these receptors and block acetylcholine's ability to bind. If an animal is bitten by a snake with these toxins in its venom, what do you predict would happen?

If you lay your forearm along a table, you can rotate it so that your hand changes from a palm-down to a palm-up position. This is possible because your radius and ulna join at a

You are cleaning out an old lab freezer and find a tube that contains the ground-up remains of an unknown animal. Your research advisor suggests that you perform chemical assays to determine what molecules made up the animal. After analyzing the data, you determine that the animal contained a large amount of chitin. What type of animal was in the tube?

Your friend is complaining of back pain. She also says that she hurts the most near her neck. What part of her back may have been injured?

An airfoil provides lift because air moving over a wing must travel

A tennis player serving the ball uses fast muscle fibers. The ATP needed to accomplish this comes from

Which statement about skeletal muscle fibers is true?

A thick filament consists of

When sarcomeres contract, they generate force (tension). However, the amount of force generated depends on the sarcomere length and the amount of thick and thin filament overlap. Below is a figure that details the force-generating properties of a single sarcomere. This figure was modified from a scientific paper by Al Gordon and colleagues from 1966 and is a classic illustration of the relationship between sarcomere length and force. -Mammalian muscles can shorten approximately 35% of their resting length when all sarcomeres contract. If a sarcomere passes through maximal tension generation during this 35% contraction, what is the likely starting point for contraction of a sarcomere?