Exam 5: Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Where did peroxisomes get their name? How is the toxic hydrogen peroxide generated by these organelles disposed of? What is the specialized type of peroxisome found in plant seedlings and what specialized function do these organelles perform?

Which activity below is not thought to be driven by the proton-motive force?

How do many potent respiratory poisons exert their effect?

Why must the process by which cytochrome oxidase works be efficient?

When fission of mitochondria becomes more frequent than fusion,the mitochondria tend to become __________.

You are a world-wide expert in mitochondria.If an investigator tells you that he wishes to study mitochondrial uncoupling proteins,what kind of organism would you suggest he use as a source of the protein? What is the function of brown adipose tissue? Humans lose brown fat deposits as they age.How does that happen and how do humans maintain body temperature when the brown fat is gone? Uncoupling protein (UCP)isoforms are found in cells of the nervous system.While their roles are debated,what is the most prominent hypothesis that may explain their function?

If fatty acids are a more efficient storehouse of energy than glucose or glycogen,why aren't they used immediately to drive muscle contraction?

You are studying the enzyme kinetics of enzymes in the TCA cycle.You add a molecule to the mixture that appears to act as a competitive inhibitor of one of the enzymes.At first,you cannot tell which enzyme is inhibited,but you can tell that it is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane.Can you guess which TCA enzyme you have inhibited and how do you know?

Which molecule below plays a key role in regulating the rate of glycolysis and Krebs cycle by regulating the activity of key enzymes?

The direct formation of ATP by the transfer of a phosphate group from a donor molecule to ADP is called ________.

What is unusual about the way that H⁺ ions are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane as compared to the movement of other ions like Na⁺ and Cl^- ions?

The energy expended during the formation of ATP by ATP synthase is required to _______.

Which molecule below plays a key role in regulating respiratory rate in the mitochondrion?

Which of the statements below served as evidence that rotational catalysis occurs in ATP synthase?

How can biologists be sure that the appearance of photosynthetic organisms preceded that of aerobic organisms in the Earth's evolutionary history?

What is the name of the process by which the electron transport chain generates the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP production in the mitochondrion?

Mitochondria are sites of the __________.

Which organelle below is not found in both plants and animals?

Which reaction releases more free energy - the removal of a phosphate group from creatine phosphate or the removal of a phosphate group from ATP?

How is the energy used to make ATP via the electron transport chain generated?