Question 1

The Ruff degradation is the reaction of an aldose with:

Accepted Answer

A) Br2/H2O; then HCN; then H3O+; then Na-Hg,H2O 
B) HCN; then Ba(OH)2; then H3O+; then Na-Hg,H2O 
C) HCN; then H3O+; then Ba(OH)2; then Na-Hg,H2O 
D) Br2/H2O; then H2O2,Fe2(SO4)3 
E) Br2/H2O 
A) Br2/H2O; then HCN; then H3O+; then Na-Hg,H2O 
B) HCN; then Ba(OH)2; then H3O+; then Na-Hg,H2O 
C) HCN; then H3O+; then Ba(OH)2; then Na-Hg,H2O 
D) Br2/H2O; then H2O2,Fe2(SO4)3 
E) Br2/H2O

Question 2

What of the following reagents will permethylate a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

A) Acetone 
B) CH3OSO3CH3 
C) H2/Pd 
D) Acetic anhydride 
E) CH3OH/HCl 
A) Acetone 
B) CH3OSO3CH3 
C) H2/Pd 
D) Acetic anhydride 
E) CH3OH/HCl

Question 3

Which of these is an example of a glucan?

Accepted Answer

A) Maltose 
B) Sucrose 
C) Lactose 
D) Cellobiose 
E) Amylose 
A) Maltose 
B) Sucrose 
C) Lactose 
D) Cellobiose 
E) Amylose

Question 4

Upon treatment of d-glucose with HNO3 an optically active aldaric acid is produced.Based on this result,what two structures could be discarded as being d-glucose? Draw their structure.

Accepted Answer

Question 5

What is an amino sugar?

Accepted Answer

A) A sugar that bears substituted with an amino acid on the anomeric OH group. 
B) An amino acid with a side chain as a sugar. 
C) A sugar where the anomeric OH group is substituted by an ammonium group. 
D) A sugar where a non-anomeric OH group is replaced by an amino group. 
E) An amino acid replacing an OH group on a sugar. 
A) A sugar that bears substituted with an amino acid on the anomeric OH group. 
B) An amino acid with a side chain as a sugar. 
C) A sugar where the anomeric OH group is substituted by an ammonium group. 
D) A sugar where a non-anomeric OH group is replaced by an amino group. 
E) An amino acid replacing an OH group on a sugar.

Question 6

What compounds are formed upon oxidation of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2,H2O,CH3OH 
B) CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH 
C) CO,H2O 
D) CO2,H2O 
E) C6H12O6 
A) CO2,H2O,CH3OH 
B) CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH 
C) CO,H2O 
D) CO2,H2O 
E) C6H12O6

Question 7

A d-aldohexose X,is subjected to a Ruff degradation.The degradation product is treated with nitric acid to yield an optically inactive aldaric acid.A possible structure for X is:

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III and IV 
D) IV 
E) II and V 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III and IV 
D) IV 
E) II and V

Question 8

The activity of streptomycin is due to:

Accepted Answer

A) Disruption of carbohydrate synthesis in bacteria 
B) Disruption of bacterial division 
C) Formation of blood clots 
D) Disruption of bacterial protein synthesis 
E) Hydrolysis of bacterial cell wall 
A) Disruption of carbohydrate synthesis in bacteria 
B) Disruption of bacterial division 
C) Formation of blood clots 
D) Disruption of bacterial protein synthesis 
E) Hydrolysis of bacterial cell wall

Question 9

Lactose exists in two forms α and β.Anomer α has [α]D = +92.6,and anomer β has [α]D = +34.What are the percentages of each anomer at equilibrium when the specific rotation of the water solution is +52?

Accepted Answer

Percentage of the β-anomer at

Question 10

Which are the anomers?

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) II and IV 
E) III and IV 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) II and IV 
E) III and IV

Question 11

Cellulose differs from chitin in which way?

Accepted Answer

A) Cellulose has $\beta$-glycosidic linkages; chitin has $\alpha$-glycosidic linkages. 
B) Cellulose contains only d-glucose units; chitin contains only N-acetyl-d-glucosamine units. 
C) Cellulose cannot be hydrolyzed; chitin can be hydrolyzed. 
D) Cellulose has a linear structure; chitin has a helical structure. 
E) Cellulose chains are branched; chitin chains are unbranched. 
A) Cellulose has $\beta$-glycosidic linkages; chitin has $\alpha$-glycosidic linkages. 
B) Cellulose contains only d-glucose units; chitin contains only N-acetyl-d-glucosamine units. 
C) Cellulose cannot be hydrolyzed; chitin can be hydrolyzed. 
D) Cellulose has a linear structure; chitin has a helical structure. 
E) Cellulose chains are branched; chitin chains are unbranched.

Question 12

Streptomycin is:

Accepted Answer

A) A lipid antibiotic 
B) A carbohydrate antibiotic 
C) An antigen 
D) An antibody 
E) A glycoprotein 
A) A lipid antibiotic 
B) A carbohydrate antibiotic 
C) An antigen 
D) An antibody 
E) A glycoprotein

Question 13

Many carbohydrates exist in equilibrium with cyclic hemiacetals.Those carbohydrates that form a five-membered cyclic hemiacetal are called ___.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many carbohydrates exist in equilibrium with cyclic...

Question 14

A monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde functionality is called a(n)___.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and...

Question 15

Define each of the following:
a)aldohexose
b)mutarotation
c)glycoside
d)polysaccharides
e)d-sugars

Accepted Answer

a)Aldohexose is a monosaccharide with si

Question 16

Which of the following is an l-aldotetrose?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
E) V 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
E) V

Question 17

Which monosaccharide is recovered from the hydrolysis of glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A) d-Galactose 
B) d-Glucose 
C) d-Gulose 
D) Cellobiose 
E) Maltose 
A) d-Galactose 
B) d-Glucose 
C) d-Gulose 
D) Cellobiose 
E) Maltose

Question 18

Provide the structures of the d-series that would give optically inactive alditols.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide the structures of the d-series that...

Question 19

An aldonic acid is represented by:

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
E) V 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
E) V

Question 20

The simplest carbohydrates (those that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler carbohydrates)are called ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The simplest carbohydrates (those that cannot be...

Exam 22: Carbohydrates

The Ruff degradation is the reaction of an aldose with:

What of the following reagents will permethylate a carbohydrate?

Which of these is an example of a glucan?

Upon treatment of d-glucose with HNO3 an optically active aldaric acid is produced.Based on this result,what two structures could be discarded as being d-glucose? Draw their structure.

What is an amino sugar?

What compounds are formed upon oxidation of glucose?

A d-aldohexose X,is subjected to a Ruff degradation.The degradation product is treated with nitric acid to yield an optically inactive aldaric acid.A possible structure for X is:

The activity of streptomycin is due to:

Lactose exists in two forms α and β.Anomer α has [α]D = +92.6,and anomer β has [α]D = +34.What are the percentages of each anomer at equilibrium when the specific rotation of the water solution is +52?

Which are the anomers?

Cellulose differs from chitin in which way?

Streptomycin is:

Many carbohydrates exist in equilibrium with cyclic hemiacetals.Those carbohydrates that form a five-membered cyclic hemiacetal are called ___.

A monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde functionality is called a(n)___.

Define each of the following: a)aldohexose b)mutarotation c)glycoside d)polysaccharides e)d-sugars

Which of the following is an l-aldotetrose?

Which monosaccharide is recovered from the hydrolysis of glycogen?

Provide the structures of the d-series that would give optically inactive alditols.

An aldonic acid is represented by:

The simplest carbohydrates (those that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler carbohydrates)are called ____.

The Basics

Families of Carbon

Acids and Bases

Nomenclature and Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Stereochemistry

Nucleophilic Reactions

Alkenes and Alkynes I

Alkenes and Alkynes II

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry

Radical Reactions

Alcohols and Ethers

Alcohols From Carbonyl Compounds

Conjugated Unsaturated Systems

Aromatic Compounds

Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Reactions at the Α Carbon of Carbonyl Compounds

Condensation and Conjugate Addition Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds

Amines

Transition Metal Complexes

Lipids

Amino Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Filters

Upon treatment of d-glucose with HNO₃ an optically active aldaric acid is produced.Based on this result,what two structures could be discarded as being d-glucose? Draw their structure.

Lactose exists in two forms α and β.Anomer α has [α]_D = +92.6,and anomer β has [α]_D = +34.What are the percentages of each anomer at equilibrium when the specific rotation of the water solution is +52?