Exam 8: The Terrestrial Planets and Earths Moon

An asteroid or comet impact near the Yucatan Peninsula approximately 20,000 years ago resulted in the extinction of more than 50 percent of all living species,including the dinosaurs.

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(True/False)

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Question 1

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Give a specific example of a historical impact of an asteroid or comet that hit the Earth.Why are impact craters rare on the surface of Earth but plentiful on the Moon?

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Question 2

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Examples of impacts on Earth include the (1)Meteor Crater in Arizona,or (2)the impact of a comet or asteroid on the Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago that led to a mass extinction,including the dinosaurs,found in the fossil record at the K-T boundary.Impact craters on the Moon have been preserved because there is very little erosion and no plate tectonics,but those have erased the evidence of past cratering on the surface of the Earth.

If there is water on Mars today,where is it likely to be? Name two separate pieces of evidence we have that Mars once had flowing water on its surface and how this evidence was obtained.

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Question 3

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Water on Mars today is likely to be frozen in the ground and in its polar ice caps,although most of the ice caps are frozen carbon dioxide.Two pieces of evidence that Mars once had flowing water on its surface are (1)observations of dry river beds and outflows from impact craters on the Martian surface come from satellites used to make high spatial resolution map its surface;and (2)the Martian rovers Spirit and Opportunity have found evidence for certain types of rock that must form in the presence of liquid water.

Which terrestrial object shows the least evidence of recent volcanic activity?

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Question 4

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

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Question 5

The smallest number of craters per square meter are found on the surface of:

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Question 6

The American and African/European continents are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean,which is approximately 4,000 km wide.Assuming a continental drift rate of 2 cm/year,how long has it been since they were one land mass?

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Question 7

We have direct evidence for the current existence of water on the surface of which terrestrial object?

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Question 8

Which is denser-the mantle or crust of the Earth? Explain why.

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Question 9

Permanent magnetism in the Earth's solid iron core is the source of Earth's magnetic field.

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Question 10

Which object would have the LOWEST impact on our planet if it were to strike Earth?

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Question 11

Three different things can happen when two continental plates meet.What is the name given to each,and briefly explain what happens in each.

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Question 12

The largest volcanic mountains in the Solar System are found on

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Question 13

How do we know that Earth's magnetic field has flipped its polarity many times in the past?

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Question 14

Which of the following are NOT sites of frequent volcanic and earthquake activity on Earth?

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Question 15

Which planet would you expect to have a larger molten core,a planet of Earth's size or a planet that had half the radius of Earth? Explain why.

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Question 16

Flows of material surrounding Martian craters suggest:

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Question 17

Primary waves are seismic longitudinal waves whose paths are deflected when they travel through the Earth's liquid core.

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Question 18

Earth's magnetic axis and its spin axis are not aligned.

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Question 19

If you obtained a sample of rock from Venus and determined the abundances of uranium (²³⁸U)and lead (²⁰⁷Pb)in it,and found that for every one uranium atom there were three lead atoms,then what would the age of this rock be? Note that this form of uranium decays to this form of lead with a half-life of 700 million years.For simplicity,you can assume that there was no lead in the rock when it originally formed.

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Question 20

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Exam 8: The Terrestrial Planets and Earths Moon

An asteroid or comet impact near the Yucatan Peninsula approximately 20,000 years ago resulted in the extinction of more than 50 percent of all living species,including the dinosaurs.

Give a specific example of a historical impact of an asteroid or comet that hit the Earth.Why are impact craters rare on the surface of Earth but plentiful on the Moon?

If there is water on Mars today,where is it likely to be? Name two separate pieces of evidence we have that Mars once had flowing water on its surface and how this evidence was obtained.

Which terrestrial object shows the least evidence of recent volcanic activity?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The smallest number of craters per square meter are found on the surface of:

The American and African/European continents are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean,which is approximately 4,000 km wide.Assuming a continental drift rate of 2 cm/year,how long has it been since they were one land mass?

We have direct evidence for the current existence of water on the surface of which terrestrial object?

Which is denser-the mantle or crust of the Earth? Explain why.

Permanent magnetism in the Earth's solid iron core is the source of Earth's magnetic field.

Which object would have the LOWEST impact on our planet if it were to strike Earth?

Three different things can happen when two continental plates meet.What is the name given to each,and briefly explain what happens in each.

The largest volcanic mountains in the Solar System are found on

How do we know that Earth's magnetic field has flipped its polarity many times in the past?

Which of the following are NOT sites of frequent volcanic and earthquake activity on Earth?

Which planet would you expect to have a larger molten core,a planet of Earth's size or a planet that had half the radius of Earth? Explain why.

Flows of material surrounding Martian craters suggest:

Primary waves are seismic longitudinal waves whose paths are deflected when they travel through the Earth's liquid core.

Earth's magnetic axis and its spin axis are not aligned.

Why Learn Astronomy

Patterns in the Skymotions of Earth

Motion of Astronomical Bodies

Gravity and Orbits

Light

The Tools of the Astronomer

The Birth and Evolution of Planetary Systems

Atmospheres of the Terrestrial Planets

Worlds of Gas and Liquid the Giant Planets

Planetary Adornments Moons and Rings

Dwarf Planets and Small Solar System Bodies

Taking the Measure of Stars

Our Starthe Sun

Star Formation and the Interstellar Medium

Evolution of Low-Mass Stars

Evolution of High-Mass Stars

Relativity and Black Holes

The Expanding Universe

Galaxies

The Milky Waya Normal Spiral Galaxy

Modern Cosmology

Large-Scale Structure in the Universe

Life

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