Question 1

The most important factor to ensure that one's results apply to other people in other settings is to use

Accepted Answer

A) random assignment. 
B) extremely large sample sizes. 
C) random selection. 
D) extremely small sample sizes. 
A) random assignment. 
B) extremely large sample sizes. 
C) random selection. 
D) extremely small sample sizes.

Question 2

The only research design that allows one to make cause-and-effect inferences is the ________ design.

Accepted Answer

A) case study 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) experimental 
D) correlational 
A) case study 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) experimental 
D) correlational

Question 3

The ability to detect physical energy through our visual or touch systems is known as

Accepted Answer

A) accommodation. 
B) transduction. 
C) sensation. 
D) perception. 
A) accommodation. 
B) transduction. 
C) sensation. 
D) perception.

Question 4

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies,the salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was the

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) unconditioned response. 
A) conditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) unconditioned response.

Question 5

Prosopagnosia is thought to result from damage to the temporal lobe,and __________ in particular.

Accepted Answer

A) the cingulate gyrus 
B) basal ganglia 
C) the fusiform gyrus 
D) Wernicke's area 
A) the cingulate gyrus 
B) basal ganglia 
C) the fusiform gyrus 
D) Wernicke's area

Question 6

What experimental apparatus has been used to study depth perception in infants?

Accepted Answer

A) Escher lithographs 
B) Zener cards 
C) The Ames Room 
D) The visual cliff 
A) Escher lithographs 
B) Zener cards 
C) The Ames Room 
D) The visual cliff

Question 7

A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting

Accepted Answer

A) that a person's future behaviour is often difficult to predict accurately. 
B) a particular behaviour is the result of a single causal factor. 
C) people are influenced by others' thoughts and behaviours. 
D) a person's culture is a strong influence on his or her everyday thoughts and behaviours. 
A) that a person's future behaviour is often difficult to predict accurately. 
B) a particular behaviour is the result of a single causal factor. 
C) people are influenced by others' thoughts and behaviours. 
D) a person's culture is a strong influence on his or her everyday thoughts and behaviours.

Question 8

If you were to do a presentation on "Psychology's Great Debates," which of the following would be one of your key points?

Accepted Answer

A) Research indicates that most people possess a remarkable insight into the underlying cause(s)of their behaviour. 
B) Psychologists consider the "mind" to be nothing more than brain and nervous system activity. 
C) Evidence suggests that free will is illusory to some extent. 
D) Different human behaviours result from levels of nature and nurture influences. 
A) Research indicates that most people possess a remarkable insight into the underlying cause(s)of their behaviour. 
B) Psychologists consider the "mind" to be nothing more than brain and nervous system activity. 
C) Evidence suggests that free will is illusory to some extent. 
D) Different human behaviours result from levels of nature and nurture influences.

Question 9

The organization and interpretation of olfactory information is one example of

Accepted Answer

A) transduction. 
B) accommodation. 
C) perception. 
D) sensation. 
A) transduction. 
B) accommodation. 
C) perception. 
D) sensation.

Question 10

Regarding operant conditioning,which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) A student is sent to detention for fighting. 
B) A student loses earned free time for playing with lab equipment. 
C) A student turns in neater homework when the teacher praises neatness. 
D) A student is exempted from a weekly quiz for exemplary homework. 
A) A student is sent to detention for fighting. 
B) A student loses earned free time for playing with lab equipment. 
C) A student turns in neater homework when the teacher praises neatness. 
D) A student is exempted from a weekly quiz for exemplary homework.

Question 11

Which of the following sensory difficulties is argued to be the most dangerous?

Accepted Answer

A) Pain insensitivity 
B) Loss of smell 
C) Deafness 
D) Blindness 
A) Pain insensitivity 
B) Loss of smell 
C) Deafness 
D) Blindness

Question 12

People's genetic makeup is their

Accepted Answer

A) genome. 
B) phenotype. 
C) genotype. 
D) mRNA. 
A) genome. 
B) phenotype. 
C) genotype. 
D) mRNA.

Question 13

Charlie is participating in a psychology experiment where the researcher asks him to listen to noises on a set of headphones.He is administered many test trials,and after each one he is required to respond as to whether he heard a sound or not.Based on signal detection theory,if a sound was presented on the headphones but Charlie responded that there was no sound,this is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) true negative. 
B) false negative. 
C) true positive. 
D) false positive. 
A) true negative. 
B) false negative. 
C) true positive. 
D) false positive.

Question 14

One's difficulty in attaining adequate nightly sleep would likely be diagnosed as a psychological disorder

Accepted Answer

A) if it interferes with daily activities such as work and negatively impacts a person's health. 
B) even if it occurs relatively infrequently. 
C) only if the person feels that the lack of sleep is causing problems in other areas. 
D) when it results from a deliberate choice,such as studying all night for an exam. 
A) if it interferes with daily activities such as work and negatively impacts a person's health. 
B) even if it occurs relatively infrequently. 
C) only if the person feels that the lack of sleep is causing problems in other areas. 
D) when it results from a deliberate choice,such as studying all night for an exam.

Question 15

Which of the following is a misconception regarding the effects of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A) Heavy drinking over time is associated with brain damage and memory loss. 
B) Mixing diet drinks with alcohol reduces the risk of intoxication. 
C) Coordination can be affected for as long as 10-12 hours after drinking. 
D) A "blackout" is a loss of memory for a period of time while drunk. 
A) Heavy drinking over time is associated with brain damage and memory loss. 
B) Mixing diet drinks with alcohol reduces the risk of intoxication. 
C) Coordination can be affected for as long as 10-12 hours after drinking. 
D) A "blackout" is a loss of memory for a period of time while drunk.

Question 16

In science,a scientific theory is defined as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) educated opinion about the natural world. 
B) testable prediction about the natural world. 
C) personal understanding of natural laws. 
D) explanatory device for scientific findings. 
A) educated opinion about the natural world. 
B) testable prediction about the natural world. 
C) personal understanding of natural laws. 
D) explanatory device for scientific findings.

Question 17

We often take the complexity of language for granted.This is in part because

Accepted Answer

A) language acquisition requires little practice. 
B) language acquisition is easy. 
C) humans do not often consider complex phenomena. 
D) our use of language is generally automatic. 
A) language acquisition requires little practice. 
B) language acquisition is easy. 
C) humans do not often consider complex phenomena. 
D) our use of language is generally automatic.

Question 18

While on a cruise ship,Kevin became sick after eating a seafood dinner.His food poisoning coupled with sea sickness led to a terrible vacation and consequently Kevin shivers at the mere sight of cruise ships.Kevin's behaviour illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus discrimination. 
B) scapegoating. 
C) acquisition. 
D) stimulus generalization. 
A) stimulus discrimination. 
B) scapegoating. 
C) acquisition. 
D) stimulus generalization.

Question 19

Some parents of children with autism strongly believe that vaccines cause autism.They claim that the child was perfectly normal until the child received vaccines.Which is the best evaluation of these claims,from a psychological science perspective?

Accepted Answer

A) These parents are probably right.Psychological research strongly suggests that the world is exactly as we see it. 
B) These parents are probably right.Psychological research strongly suggests that everyday intuition is almost always correct. 
C) Although these parents may be right,a greater number of parents would have to make this claim in order to validate that vaccines cause autism. 
D) Although these parents may be right,an illusory correlation could be responsible for the perceived link between vaccines and autism. 
A) These parents are probably right.Psychological research strongly suggests that the world is exactly as we see it. 
B) These parents are probably right.Psychological research strongly suggests that everyday intuition is almost always correct. 
C) Although these parents may be right,a greater number of parents would have to make this claim in order to validate that vaccines cause autism. 
D) Although these parents may be right,an illusory correlation could be responsible for the perceived link between vaccines and autism.

Question 20

Eyewitness testimony has been found to be most accurate when

Accepted Answer

A) a weapon is used in the commission of a crime. 
B) the witness is distracted or must fill in gaps in their memory with stereotyped information. 
C) the witness is presented a simultaneous,as opposed to a sequential,line-up. 
D) the witness has ample time to observe the person under good viewing conditions. 
A) a weapon is used in the commission of a crime. 
B) the witness is distracted or must fill in gaps in their memory with stereotyped information. 
C) the witness is presented a simultaneous,as opposed to a sequential,line-up. 
D) the witness has ample time to observe the person under good viewing conditions.

Exam 18: Psychology: Sensory Processing, Conditioning, Memory, and Biases

The most important factor to ensure that one's results apply to other people in other settings is to use

The only research design that allows one to make cause-and-effect inferences is the ________ design.

The ability to detect physical energy through our visual or touch systems is known as

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies,the salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was the

Prosopagnosia is thought to result from damage to the temporal lobe,and __________ in particular.

What experimental apparatus has been used to study depth perception in infants?

A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting

If you were to do a presentation on "Psychology's Great Debates," which of the following would be one of your key points?

The organization and interpretation of olfactory information is one example of

Regarding operant conditioning,which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Which of the following sensory difficulties is argued to be the most dangerous?

People's genetic makeup is their

One's difficulty in attaining adequate nightly sleep would likely be diagnosed as a psychological disorder

Which of the following is a misconception regarding the effects of alcohol?

In science,a scientific theory is defined as a(n)

We often take the complexity of language for granted.This is in part because

While on a cruise ship,Kevin became sick after eating a seafood dinner.His food poisoning coupled with sea sickness led to a terrible vacation and consequently Kevin shivers at the mere sight of cruise ships.Kevin's behaviour illustrates the process of

Some parents of children with autism strongly believe that vaccines cause autism.They claim that the child was perfectly normal until the child received vaccines.Which is the best evaluation of these claims,from a psychological science perspective?

Eyewitness testimony has been found to be most accurate when

A: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

B: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

C: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

A: Research Methods

B: Research Methods

C: Research Methods

D: Research Methods

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thinking,reasoning,and Language

B: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

C: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

D: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

A: Intelligence and Iq Testing

B: Intelligence and Iq Testing

C: Intelligence and Iq Testing

D: Intelligence and Iq Testing

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Emotion and Motivation

B: Emotion and Motivation

C: Emotion and Motivation

D: Emotion and Motivation

A: Stress,coping,and Health

B: Stress,coping,and Health

C: Stress,coping,and Health

D: Stress,coping,and Health

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders