Exam 5: C: Learning

Billy throws rocks.Each time he throws a rock,he is immediately spanked.Spanking is a ________.

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given ________.

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________ .

A pigeon learns to peck only at a red disk.It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color.This illustrates the concept of ___________.

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

At the National Zoological Park in Washington,D.C. ,a polar bear suffered a broken tooth,and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem.The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door,then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth.Finally,a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward.This is an example of _______.

Analogy: Negative reinforcement is to punishment as _______ is to _______.

When a stimulus similar to the CS also elicits the CR,the phenomenon is called _______.

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

To avoid getting a headache,Lory always lets her dog outside when it sits by the door and howls.This is an example of which type of punishment or reinforcement?

On a variable-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _________ .

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

The 5-year-old of two very busy parents has been throwing tantrums.Whenever the child goes off the deep end,one or both of his parents immediately come to his side and fuss over and cajole him.Nevertheless,his tantrums do not diminish;they even seem to increase.We may assume that his parents' fussing over him serves as a _______.

Classical conditioning:

An example of a behavior that is learned through operant conditioning is _____________.

If a POSITIVE REINFORCER is added after a behavior and the behavior is strengthened/increased,the process used is called:

Wearing sunglasses ALL THE TIME because people tell you they make you look "irresistible" is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye.Later,he blinks when he hears the tone.Before ending the experiment,what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?

A person originally feared great heights,such as standing on top of tall buildings.Now the person has also developed fears of flying in airplanes,standing on ladders,and even watching high-wire artists perform.These new fears are probably the result of _______.