Exam 5: C: Learning

Anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will increase is called a(n)_______.

Many individuals decide that they feel hungry and eat lunch when they see both hands of the clock on the 12,indicating that it is noontime.This may occur regardless of how recently they ate breakfast.In this example,the conditioned response is:

On a fixed-ration schedule reinforcement is given ________ .

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called _______.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the presentation of the meat was the __________.

The person most closely associated with the law of effect is ________ .

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the UNCONDITIONED response is the _______.

Rachel has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the _______.

On a fixed-ratio schedule,reinforcement is given ________.

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increases.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart would race.Laura's increased heart rate when she smelled Old Spice was the:

A camp leader repeatedly hugs a camper after she helps her friend.Each time,the camper is embarrassed and shies away from future acts of assistance.In the example,"Hugging the camper" is _______.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Mom and Dad think it is real funny,and laugh when their 2-year-old,Bruce,says dirty words.When Bruce is sent home from kindergarten because of swearing,they don't understand why he cusses.Now when he cusses at home they ignore the cussing (they don't think it's cute anymore).Laughing in this example is:

Little Albert (Watson,1920)learned through classical conditioning to fear ______.

Cognitive learning theories attempt to explain how learning occurs using:

When a CS is repeatedly presented by itself,______ will occur.

The process of presenting the conditioned stimulus alone so often that the learner no longer associates it with the unconditioned stimulus and stops making the conditioned response is called _________ .

Thorndike's main apparatus in his operant conditioning research was:

Gretta spends a lot of time at the race track betting on ponies,and occasionally she wins.The frequency of her betting is controlled by which of the following?

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?