Question 1

An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming?

Accepted Answer

A)  single, double, or triple 
B)  single and double only 
C)  single bonds only 
D)  double bonds only 
A)  single, double, or triple 
B)  single and double only 
C)  single bonds only 
D)  double bonds only

Question 2

You need to write down information about a molecule, but need to indicate only the type and number of atoms it contains. Which representation would work best?

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular formula 
B)  structural formula 
C)  ball-and-stick model 
D)  space-filling model 
A)  molecular formula 
B)  structural formula 
C)  ball-and-stick model 
D)  space-filling model

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reaction is nonreversible. 
B)  Hydrogen and nitrogen are the reactants of the reverse reaction. 
C)  Hydrogen and nitrogen are the products of the forward reaction. 
D)  Ammonia is being formed and decomposed simultaneously. 
E)  Only the forward or reverse reactions can occur at one time. 
A)  The reaction is nonreversible. 
B)  Hydrogen and nitrogen are the reactants of the reverse reaction. 
C)  Hydrogen and nitrogen are the products of the forward reaction. 
D)  Ammonia is being formed and decomposed simultaneously. 
E)  Only the forward or reverse reactions can occur at one time.

Question 4

One of the buffers that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that, when placed in an aqueous solution, dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO3−) and a hydrogen ion (H+), as noted below.   If the pH of blood increases, one would expect ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the concentration of H2CO3 and an increase in the concentration of HCO3− 
B)  an increase in the concentration of H2CO3 and a decrease in the concentration of HCO3− 
C)  a decrease in the concentration of HCO3− and an increase in the concentration of H+ 
D)  an increase in the concentration of HCO3− and a decrease in the concentration of OH− 
E)  a decrease in the concentration of HCO3− and an increase in the concentration of H2CO3 and H+ 
A)  a decrease in the concentration of H2CO3 and an increase in the concentration of HCO3− 
B)  an increase in the concentration of H2CO3 and a decrease in the concentration of HCO3− 
C)  a decrease in the concentration of HCO3− and an increase in the concentration of H+ 
D)  an increase in the concentration of HCO3− and a decrease in the concentration of OH− 
E)  a decrease in the concentration of HCO3− and an increase in the concentration of H2CO3 and H+

Question 5

Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molecular collisions in the drink increase. 
B)  Kinetic energy in the liquid water decreases. 
C)  A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink. 
D)  The specific heat of the water in the drink decreases. 
E)  Evaporation of the water in the drink increases. 
A)  Molecular collisions in the drink increase. 
B)  Kinetic energy in the liquid water decreases. 
C)  A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink. 
D)  The specific heat of the water in the drink decreases. 
E)  Evaporation of the water in the drink increases.

Question 6

Which of the following correctly describes all chemical equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Forward and reverse reactions continue with no net effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products. 
B)  Concentrations of products are higher than the concentrations of the reactants. 
C)  There are equal concentrations of products and reactants while forward and reverse reactions continue. 
D)  Reactions stop only when all reactants have been converted to products. 
E)  There are equal concentrations of reactants and products, and the reactions have stopped. 
A)  Forward and reverse reactions continue with no net effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products. 
B)  Concentrations of products are higher than the concentrations of the reactants. 
C)  There are equal concentrations of products and reactants while forward and reverse reactions continue. 
D)  Reactions stop only when all reactants have been converted to products. 
E)  There are equal concentrations of reactants and products, and the reactions have stopped.

Question 7

To act as an effective coolant in a car's radiator, a substance has to have the capacity to absorb a great deal of heat. You have a reference book with tables listing the physical properties of many liquids. In choosing a coolant for your car, which table would you check first?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 
B)  density at room temperature 
C)  heat of vaporization 
D)  specific heat 
A)  pH 
B)  density at room temperature 
C)  heat of vaporization 
D)  specific heat

Question 8

From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 neutrons, 5 protons, and 5 electrons 
B)  30 neutrons 
C)  15 neutrons and 15 protons 
D)  8 electrons in its outermost electron shell 
E)  15 protons and 15 electrons 
A)  5 neutrons, 5 protons, and 5 electrons 
B)  30 neutrons 
C)  15 neutrons and 15 protons 
D)  8 electrons in its outermost electron shell 
E)  15 protons and 15 electrons

Question 9

The illustration above shows a representation of formic acid. A formic acid molecule ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules 
B)  has a tetrahedral configuration of hybrid electron orbitals for the carbon atom 
C)  consists of largely nonpolar covalent bonds 
D)  is held together by hydrogen bonds 
E)  has a pyramidal shape and will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules 
A)  will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules 
B)  has a tetrahedral configuration of hybrid electron orbitals for the carbon atom 
C)  consists of largely nonpolar covalent bonds 
D)  is held together by hydrogen bonds 
E)  has a pyramidal shape and will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules

Question 10

Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic bonds 
B)  both hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds 
E)  both polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds 
A)  ionic bonds 
B)  both hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds 
E)  both polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds

Question 11

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?

Accepted Answer

A)  a covalent bond 
B)  a hydrogen bond 
C)  an ionic bond 
D)  a hydrophilic bond 
E)  a van der Waals interaction 
A)  a covalent bond 
B)  a hydrogen bond 
C)  an ionic bond 
D)  a hydrophilic bond 
E)  a van der Waals interaction

Question 12

Which of the functional groups below acts most like an acid in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl 
A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl

Question 13

-Which drawing in the figure above depicts the electron configuration of an element with chemical properties most similar to helium (2He)?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 14

________ atoms give organic molecules their overall shape; ________ atoms determine the overall chemical behavior of organic molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon; H, N, and O 
B)  Hydrogen; C, N, and O 
C)  Carbon; H2O 
D)  H, N, and O; carbon 
A)  Carbon; H, N, and O 
B)  Hydrogen; C, N, and O 
C)  Carbon; H2O 
D)  H, N, and O; carbon

Question 15

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  ionic bonds 
E)  van der Waals interactions 
A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  ionic bonds 
E)  van der Waals interactions

Question 16

Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  van der Waals interactions 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
E)  ionic bonds 
A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  van der Waals interactions 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
E)  ionic bonds

Question 17

Which of the following always tends to make chemical reactions spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reactants have lower potential energy than the products. 
B)  The reactants are more ordered than the products. 
C)  The temperature is low. 
D)  The pressure is low. 
A)  The reactants have lower potential energy than the products. 
B)  The reactants are more ordered than the products. 
C)  The temperature is low. 
D)  The pressure is low.

Question 18

Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ________; these elements tend to form ________ in solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  almost empty; cations 
B)  almost empty; anions 
C)  almost full; cations 
D)  almost full; anions 
A)  almost empty; cations 
B)  almost empty; anions 
C)  almost full; cations 
D)  almost full; anions

Question 19

Consider the following reaction at equilibrium:   What would be the effect of adding additional H2CO3?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the right. 
B)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the left. 
C)  Nothing would happen, because the reactants and products are in equilibrium. 
D)  The amounts of CO2 and H2O would decrease. 
A)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the right. 
B)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the left. 
C)  Nothing would happen, because the reactants and products are in equilibrium. 
D)  The amounts of CO2 and H2O would decrease.

Question 20

Water has a high specific heat because of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  polar covalent bond formed between the oxygen and a hydrogen of a single water molecule 
B)  ionic bonds formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule 
C)  hydrogen bond formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule 
D)  covalent bond formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule 
A)  polar covalent bond formed between the oxygen and a hydrogen of a single water molecule 
B)  ionic bonds formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule 
C)  hydrogen bond formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule 
D)  covalent bond formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule

Exam 2: Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming?

You need to write down information about a molecule, but need to indicate only the type and number of atoms it contains. Which representation would work best?

Which of the following is TRUE for this reaction?

Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink?

Which of the following correctly describes all chemical equilibrium?

To act as an effective coolant in a car's radiator, a substance has to have the capacity to absorb a great deal of heat. You have a reference book with tables listing the physical properties of many liquids. In choosing a coolant for your car, which table would you check first?

From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has ________.

The illustration above shows a representation of formic acid. A formic acid molecule ________.

Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?

Which of the functional groups below acts most like an acid in water?

-Which drawing in the figure above depicts the electron configuration of an element with chemical properties most similar to helium (2He)?

________ atoms give organic molecules their overall shape; ________ atoms determine the overall chemical behavior of organic molecules.

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by ________.

Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________.

Which of the following always tends to make chemical reactions spontaneous?

Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ________; these elements tend to form ________ in solution.

Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: What would be the effect of adding additional H2CO3?

Water has a high specific heat because of the ________.

Biology and the Tree of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

atoms give organic molecules their overall shape; atoms determine the overall chemical behavior of organic molecules.

Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ; these elements tend to form in solution.