Question 1

What unique characteristic do all deuterostomes have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adults are bilaterally symmetrical. 
B)  Embryos have pharyngeal pouches that may or may not form gill slits. 
C)  All have a spinal column. 
D)  All have specialized head and tail regions. 
E)  The pore (blastopore) formed during gastrulation becomes the anus. 
A)  Adults are bilaterally symmetrical. 
B)  Embryos have pharyngeal pouches that may or may not form gill slits. 
C)  All have a spinal column. 
D)  All have specialized head and tail regions. 
E)  The pore (blastopore) formed during gastrulation becomes the anus.

Question 2

If a tunicate's pharyngeal gill slits were suddenly blocked, the animal would have trouble ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  respiring 
B)  feeding 
C)  moving 
D)  respiring and feeding 
E)  feeding and moving 
A)  respiring 
B)  feeding 
C)  moving 
D)  respiring and feeding 
E)  feeding and moving

Question 3

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced jawbones 
B)  language 
C)  bipedal locomotion 
D)  the making of stone tools 
E)  an enlarged brain 
A)  reduced jawbones 
B)  language 
C)  bipedal locomotion 
D)  the making of stone tools 
E)  an enlarged brain

Question 4

Primate evolution and behavior, such as hunting skills, have been directed in part by the development of depth perception. What anatomical change made depth perception possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  a larger brain 
B)  formation of compound eyes 
C)  movement of eyes to the front of the head 
D)  diurnal activity 
A)  a larger brain 
B)  formation of compound eyes 
C)  movement of eyes to the front of the head 
D)  diurnal activity

Question 5

What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  endothermy 
B)  feathers 
C)  an amniotic egg 
D)  flight 
E)  a four-chambered heart 
A)  endothermy 
B)  feathers 
C)  an amniotic egg 
D)  flight 
E)  a four-chambered heart

Question 6

Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  the chorion 
B)  the albumen 
C)  the yolk sac 
D)  the allantois 
E)  the amnion 
A)  the chorion 
B)  the albumen 
C)  the yolk sac 
D)  the allantois 
E)  the amnion

Question 7

Echinoderms ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have an exoskeleton of hard calcareous plates 
B)  often use tube feet to move around in their environment 
C)  digest their food outside of the organism 
D)  circulate hemolymph in their water vascular system 
E)  are most often found in freshwater environments 
A)  have an exoskeleton of hard calcareous plates 
B)  often use tube feet to move around in their environment 
C)  digest their food outside of the organism 
D)  circulate hemolymph in their water vascular system 
E)  are most often found in freshwater environments

Question 8

Use the accompanying figure and information to answer the question(s) below.  
-When a shark stops swimming, it ________.
1) sinks
2) quickly dies
3) oxygenates its blood less effectively

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only 
B)  2 only 
C)  3 only 
D)  1 and 3 
E)  1, 2, and 3 
A)  1 only 
B)  2 only 
C)  3 only 
D)  1 and 3 
E)  1, 2, and 3

Question 9

Adult tunicates (urochordates) lack notochords, however, larval urochordates have them and use them to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aid in swimming; adults are sessile and thus no longer propel themselves. 
B)  stiffen their bodies; in adults, the notochord is replaced by a column of bone. 
C)  induce tissue differentiation; in adults, tissue is already differentiated. 
D)  organize their nervous systems; adults' nervous systems are fully developed and do not change. 
A)  aid in swimming; adults are sessile and thus no longer propel themselves. 
B)  stiffen their bodies; in adults, the notochord is replaced by a column of bone. 
C)  induce tissue differentiation; in adults, tissue is already differentiated. 
D)  organize their nervous systems; adults' nervous systems are fully developed and do not change.

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of larval echinoderms?

Accepted Answer

A)  bilateral symmetry 
B)  spiral cleavage 
C)  gastrovascular cavity 
D)  exoskeleton 
E)  lophophore 
A)  bilateral symmetry 
B)  spiral cleavage 
C)  gastrovascular cavity 
D)  exoskeleton 
E)  lophophore

Question 11

Internal fertilization, a leathery amniotic egg, and skin that resists drying are characteristics of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians 
B)  nonbird reptiles 
C)  chondrichthyans 
D)  mammals 
E)  birds 
A)  amphibians 
B)  nonbird reptiles 
C)  chondrichthyans 
D)  mammals 
E)  birds

Question 12

Which of the following is found in many tetrapods but not in fish?

Accepted Answer

A)  extensive parental care 
B)  asexual reproduction 
C)  internal fertilization 
D)  viviparity 
E)  production of amniotic eggs 
A)  extensive parental care 
B)  asexual reproduction 
C)  internal fertilization 
D)  viviparity 
E)  production of amniotic eggs

Question 13

If the midbrain of a fish became damaged it would harm its ability to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  swim 
B)  see 
C)  hear 
D)  smell 
E)  eat 
A)  swim 
B)  see 
C)  hear 
D)  smell 
E)  eat

Question 14

The oldest fossil remains of Homo sapiens found so far date from about ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 million years ago 
B)  1.6 million years ago 
C)  195,000 years ago 
D)  60,000 years ago 
E)  16,000 years ago 
A)  6 million years ago 
B)  1.6 million years ago 
C)  195,000 years ago 
D)  60,000 years ago 
E)  16,000 years ago

Question 15

Which evolutionary innovation was most significant in helping tetrapods move to dry terrestrial environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  the lung 
B)  the amniotic egg 
C)  bone 
D)  limb specialization 
E)  endothermy 
A)  the lung 
B)  the amniotic egg 
C)  bone 
D)  limb specialization 
E)  endothermy

Question 16

What is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tetrapods were no longer tied to the water for reproduction. 
B)  Tetrapods could now function with just lungs. 
C)  It led to the evolution of the placenta. 
D)  Newborns are much less dependent on their parents. 
E)  Embryos are protected from predators. 
A)  Tetrapods were no longer tied to the water for reproduction. 
B)  Tetrapods could now function with just lungs. 
C)  It led to the evolution of the placenta. 
D)  Newborns are much less dependent on their parents. 
E)  Embryos are protected from predators.

Question 17

A team of researchers developed a poison effective against lamprey larvae in freshwater cultures. The poison is ingested and causes paralysis by detaching segmental muscles from the skeletal elements. The team wants to test the poison's effectiveness in streams feeding Lake Michigan, but one critic worries about potential effects on lancelets, which are similar to lampreys in many ways. Why is this concern misplaced?

Accepted Answer

A)  A chemical poisonous to lampreys could not also be toxic to organisms as ancestral as lancelets. 
B)  Lamprey larvae and lancelets have very different feeding mechanisms. 
C)  Lancelets do not have segmental muscles. 
D)  Lancelets live only in saltwater environments. 
E)  Lancelets and lamprey larvae eat different kinds of food. 
A)  A chemical poisonous to lampreys could not also be toxic to organisms as ancestral as lancelets. 
B)  Lamprey larvae and lancelets have very different feeding mechanisms. 
C)  Lancelets do not have segmental muscles. 
D)  Lancelets live only in saltwater environments. 
E)  Lancelets and lamprey larvae eat different kinds of food.

Question 18

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that attached to its side is an equally long, snakelike organism. The attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round mouth surrounded by a sucker, and two small eyes. Terry thinks it might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey.
-Terry takes the body of the snakelike organism and slices it open along its dorsal side. If it is a hagfish, what should Terry see?

Accepted Answer

A)  a well-developed series of bony vertebrae surrounding the spinal cord 
B)  a well-developed series of cartilaginous vertebrae surrounding the spinal cord 
C)  a tube of cartilage (surrounding the notochord) with dorsal projections on both sides of the spinal cord 
D)  a notochord, located underneath the spinal cord 
A)  a well-developed series of bony vertebrae surrounding the spinal cord 
B)  a well-developed series of cartilaginous vertebrae surrounding the spinal cord 
C)  a tube of cartilage (surrounding the notochord) with dorsal projections on both sides of the spinal cord 
D)  a notochord, located underneath the spinal cord

Question 19

How does a swim bladder help the ray-finned fishes maintain buoyancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  It removes water from the digestive tract. 
B)  It removes oxygen from the water and stores it. 
C)  Gas is added to the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
D)  Gas is removed from the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
E)  It adds and removes salt from the water stored in the bladder, which changes its density and thus its buoyancy. 
A)  It removes water from the digestive tract. 
B)  It removes oxygen from the water and stores it. 
C)  Gas is added to the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
D)  Gas is removed from the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
E)  It adds and removes salt from the water stored in the bladder, which changes its density and thus its buoyancy.

Question 20

Which of these statements about human evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ancestors of Homo sapiens were chimpanzees. 
B)  Human evolution has proceeded in an orderly fashion from an ancestral anthropoid to Homo sapiens. 
C)  The evolution of upright posture and enlarged brain occurred simultaneously. 
D)  Different species of the genus Homo have coexisted at various times throughout hominin evolution. 
A)  The ancestors of Homo sapiens were chimpanzees. 
B)  Human evolution has proceeded in an orderly fashion from an ancestral anthropoid to Homo sapiens. 
C)  The evolution of upright posture and enlarged brain occurred simultaneously. 
D)  Different species of the genus Homo have coexisted at various times throughout hominin evolution.

Exam 32: Deuterostome Animals

What unique characteristic do all deuterostomes have in common?

If a tunicate's pharyngeal gill slits were suddenly blocked, the animal would have trouble ________.

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?

Primate evolution and behavior, such as hunting skills, have been directed in part by the development of depth perception. What anatomical change made depth perception possible?

What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates?

Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?

Echinoderms ________.

Use the accompanying figure and information to answer the question(s) below. -When a shark stops swimming, it ________. 1) sinks 2) quickly dies 3) oxygenates its blood less effectively

Adult tunicates (urochordates) lack notochords, however, larval urochordates have them and use them to ________.

Which of the following is a characteristic of larval echinoderms?

Internal fertilization, a leathery amniotic egg, and skin that resists drying are characteristics of ________.

Which of the following is found in many tetrapods but not in fish?

If the midbrain of a fish became damaged it would harm its ability to ________.

The oldest fossil remains of Homo sapiens found so far date from about ________.

Which evolutionary innovation was most significant in helping tetrapods move to dry terrestrial environments?

What is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg?

How does a swim bladder help the ray-finned fishes maintain buoyancy?

Which of these statements about human evolution is correct?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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