Exam 32: Deuterostome Animals

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Due to its system of air sacs connected to the lungs, the respiratory system of birds is arguably the most effective respiratory system of all air-breathers. Upon inhalation, air first flows into posterior air sacs, then into the lungs, and then into anterior air sacs on the way to being exhaled. Thus, there is one-way flow of air through the lungs, along thousands of tubules called parabronchi. -Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods?

When bone tissue first evolved in vertebrates, it was found within ________.

Considering the paragraph above, it is speculated that H. floresiensis and H. sapiens may have lived on Flores concurrently. Suppose researchers obtained mitochondrial DNA samples from the H. floresiensis remains, amplified a 1000-base-pair sequence via PCR, and compared it to that of several currently living H. sapiens native to Indonesia, North Africa, and North America. Also suppose H. floresiensis were found to differ from the average Indonesian H. sapiens in 28 base pairs, from the average North African H. sapiens in 51 base pairs, and from the average North American H. sapiens in 53 base pairs, while two randomly selected H. sapiens differed from each other in an average of 21 base pairs. What conclusions would you draw from these data?

Vertebrates and tunicates share ________.

In what respect do hominins differ from all other anthropoids?

On the back of your skull you can feel a small bump, below which is an opening where the spinal cord enters the skull. The location of this opening toward the bottom of the skull is significant in evolutionary biology for what reason?

Which of the following classes is comprised of carnivorous predators that are able to extend their stomachs through their mouths to feed?

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Due to its system of air sacs connected to the lungs, the respiratory system of birds is arguably the most effective respiratory system of all air-breathers. Upon inhalation, air first flows into posterior air sacs, then into the lungs, and then into anterior air sacs on the way to being exhaled. Thus, there is one-way flow of air through the lungs, along thousands of tubules called parabronchi. -Which type of bird is most likely to benefit from air sacs, which reduce its weight?

Which of these species is currently thought to have coexisted for 35,000 years or more (at the same time and places) with H. neanderthalensis?

Which of the following characteristics evolved independently in mammals and birds?

The water vascular system of echinoderms ________.

You believe that an adult animal you are examining is a vertebrate but concede that it may be an invertebrate chordate. Which of the following would ensure that you are indeed looking at a vertebrate?

Which of the following characteristics are shared by hagfish and lamprey?

Which of these species had members who moved out of Africa?

Suppose you traveled back in time and located the first animals to have evolved feathers. You found that these animals were tree-dwelling ectotherms, able to run quickly but unable to fly. You also noticed that only males had feathers. Which hypothesis of feather evolution would these data most support? Feathers initially evolved in a role associated with ________.

What group of mammals have (a) embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother's nipples, (b) young that feed on milk, and (c) a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta?

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials ________.

If a kelp farmer wanted to maximize her harvest, which type of echinoderm would she be most concerned about in the habitat?

Which of the following is consistent with the out-of-Africa hypothesis?

Mammals and birds eat more often than reptiles. Which of the following traits shared by mammals and birds best explains this habit?