Question 1

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  countercurrent heat exchanger 
E)  blubber or fat layer 
A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  countercurrent heat exchanger 
E)  blubber or fat layer

Question 2

-Countercurrent heat exchangers are more useful for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ectotherms to permit them to maintain constant body temperature 
B)  ectotherms to allow their body temperature to match the environment 
C)  endotherms to allow the body's core temperature to remain stable 
D)  endotherms to allow their extremities to remain at an elevated body temperature in the cold 
E)  poikilotherms that need to have different body temperatures 
A)  ectotherms to permit them to maintain constant body temperature 
B)  ectotherms to allow their body temperature to match the environment 
C)  endotherms to allow the body's core temperature to remain stable 
D)  endotherms to allow their extremities to remain at an elevated body temperature in the cold 
E)  poikilotherms that need to have different body temperatures

Question 3

In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell body 
B)  synaptic terminals 
C)  axonal region 
D)  dendritic region 
E)  synapse 
A)  cell body 
B)  synaptic terminals 
C)  axonal region 
D)  dendritic region 
E)  synapse

Question 4

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluffing feathers results in less cooling by radiation because feathers emit less infrared radiation than other tissues do. 
B)  Fluffing decreases the amount of heat lost by conduction when the bird makes contact with cold objects in its environment. 
C)  Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation. 
D)  Fluffing decreases the surface-area-to-volume ratio, thus decreasing the amount of heat lost to the environment. 
A)  Fluffing feathers results in less cooling by radiation because feathers emit less infrared radiation than other tissues do. 
B)  Fluffing decreases the amount of heat lost by conduction when the bird makes contact with cold objects in its environment. 
C)  Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation. 
D)  Fluffing decreases the surface-area-to-volume ratio, thus decreasing the amount of heat lost to the environment.

Question 5

A stratified epithelium is composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a single layer of cells of variable height 
B)  squamous cells overlying cuboidal cells 
C)  a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane 
D)  alternating layers of thick and thin cells 
E)  multiple layers of cells, stacked from the basolateral side to the apical side 
A)  a single layer of cells of variable height 
B)  squamous cells overlying cuboidal cells 
C)  a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane 
D)  alternating layers of thick and thin cells 
E)  multiple layers of cells, stacked from the basolateral side to the apical side

Question 6

Tissues functioning together make up ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  organs 
B)  membranes 
C)  organ systems 
D)  organelles 
E)  organisms 
A)  organs 
B)  membranes 
C)  organ systems 
D)  organelles 
E)  organisms

Question 7

Which of the following would be an example of an animal employing torpor to survive very cold weather?

Accepted Answer

A)  maintaining homeothermy 
B)  a small mammal entering hibernation 
C)  an elephant employing evaporative cooling 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis by humans 
E)  honeybees increasing hive temperature by contracting flight muscles 
A)  maintaining homeothermy 
B)  a small mammal entering hibernation 
C)  an elephant employing evaporative cooling 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis by humans 
E)  honeybees increasing hive temperature by contracting flight muscles

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  the surface of the skin 
B)  nerves 
C)  blood 
D)  cuboidal epithelium 
E)  smooth muscles 
A)  the surface of the skin 
B)  nerves 
C)  blood 
D)  cuboidal epithelium 
E)  smooth muscles

Question 9

Compared to ectotherms, endothermic animals are likely to be at the greatest disadvantage in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  very cold environments 
B)  very hot environments 
C)  environments with a constant food source 
D)  environments with variable and limited food sources 
A)  very cold environments 
B)  very hot environments 
C)  environments with a constant food source 
D)  environments with variable and limited food sources

Question 10

The large surface area in the small intestine directly facilitates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion 
B)  absorption 
C)  elimination 
D)  filtration 
E)  temperature regulation 
A)  secretion 
B)  absorption 
C)  elimination 
D)  filtration 
E)  temperature regulation

Question 11

You observe a lizard sitting on a log on a sunny day. If the lizard is attempting to raise its body temperature by basking in the sun, what mechanism of heat transfer is being employed?

Accepted Answer

A)  conduction 
B)  convection 
C)  radiation 
D)  evaporation 
A)  conduction 
B)  convection 
C)  radiation 
D)  evaporation

Question 12

Blood is a type of connective tissue because blood ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  has multiple cell types 
B)  has an extensive extracellular matrix 
C)  functions in transportation 
D)  can be both liquid and solid 
A)  has multiple cell types 
B)  has an extensive extracellular matrix 
C)  functions in transportation 
D)  can be both liquid and solid

Question 13

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus ketA) are born in freshwater environments and then migrate to the sea. Near the end of their lives, they return to the freshwater stream where they were born to spawn. In freshwater, water constantly diffuses into the body and ions are lost from the body. In salt water, body water diffuses out of the body and excess ions are gained from the water. A salmon's gills have special cells to pump salt in or out of the body to maintain homeostasis. In response to the salmon's moves between freshwater and salt water, some cells in the gills are produced and others are destroyed. These changes made in the cells of the gills during the lifetime of an individual salmon are an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution 
B)  trade-off 
C)  acclimatization 
D)  adaptation 
A)  evolution 
B)  trade-off 
C)  acclimatization 
D)  adaptation

Exam 39: Animal Form and Function

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

-Countercurrent heat exchangers are more useful for ________.

In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the ________.

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

A stratified epithelium is composed of ________.

Tissues functioning together make up ________.

Which of the following would be an example of an animal employing torpor to survive very cold weather?

Which of the following is an example of a connective tissue?

Compared to ectotherms, endothermic animals are likely to be at the greatest disadvantage in ________.

The large surface area in the small intestine directly facilitates ________.

You observe a lizard sitting on a log on a sunny day. If the lizard is attempting to raise its body temperature by basking in the sun, what mechanism of heat transfer is being employed?

Blood is a type of connective tissue because blood ________.

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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