Exam 46: Chemical Signals in Animals

The regulation of blood sugar levels and our stress responses are controlled in part by a negative feedback loop involving cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). What would likely be the result during times of stress if cortisol receptors in the hypothalamus were nonfunctional?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) functions at the cellular level by ________.

Estradiol is an example of ________.

Polypeptides can have which of the following types of effects? I. autocrine II. paracrine III. endocrine

The receptor for the steroid hormone estradiol is found ________.

Estrogen is a(n) ________.

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called the ________ for that hormone,

Which of the following are examples of amplification of a hormone signal? I. Epinephrine initiates an enzyme cascade. II. Steroids bind hormone-response elements in the cell and initiate transcription of many genes. III. A quantity of 0.09 mg of growth hormone leads to a 10,000-mg weight gain in a cow. IV. Different cell types have different receptors capable of binding the same hormone.

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Which hormone is produced from cholesterol?

Neurons in the hypothalamus regulate the activity of secretory cells in the anterior pituitary gland by ________.

Which of these glands has both exocrine and endocrine function?

Which hormone is correctly paired with its action?

Steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common ________.

What is the only type of chemical signal that diffuses locally and affects nearby cells?

Most animal hormones ________.

Which of the following is TRUE during a typical cAMP-type signal transduction event?

Which of the following is characteristic of a steroid hormone action?

Predict the immediate effects of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) synthesis.