Question 1

The competitive exclusion principle states that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it is not possible for two species with the same niche to coexist in the same region 
B)  it is not possible for two species to compete for the same resources 
C)  two species with different niches will not compete for the same resources 
D)  two species with the same niche will constantly be competing for resources 
A)  it is not possible for two species with the same niche to coexist in the same region 
B)  it is not possible for two species to compete for the same resources 
C)  two species with different niches will not compete for the same resources 
D)  two species with the same niche will constantly be competing for resources

Question 2

Refer to the accompanying art to answer the question below.   According to the Shannon Diversity Index, which of the five blocks shown, with each containing 36 squares, would show the greatest diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 3

-In the accompanying figure, where do we find the highest species richness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Community 1 
B)  Community 2 
C)  Community 3 
D)  Community 4 
E)  Communities 2 and 4 
A)  Community 1 
B)  Community 2 
C)  Community 3 
D)  Community 4 
E)  Communities 2 and 4

Question 4

Use the accompanying diagram to answer the question(s) below.  
-Which of the following statements is a valid conclusion of this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Balanus can survive only in the lower intertidal zone because it is unable to resist desiccation. 
B)  Balanus is inferior to Chthamalus in competing for space on rocks lower in the intertidal zone. 
C)  The two species of barnacles do not compete with each other because they feed at different times of day. 
D)  The removal of Balanus shows that the realized niche of Chthamalus is smaller than its fundamental niche. 
E)  If Chthamalus were removed, Balanus's fundamental niche would become larger. 
A)  Balanus can survive only in the lower intertidal zone because it is unable to resist desiccation. 
B)  Balanus is inferior to Chthamalus in competing for space on rocks lower in the intertidal zone. 
C)  The two species of barnacles do not compete with each other because they feed at different times of day. 
D)  The removal of Balanus shows that the realized niche of Chthamalus is smaller than its fundamental niche. 
E)  If Chthamalus were removed, Balanus's fundamental niche would become larger.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE of species interactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can act as agents of natural selection. 
B)  The outcome of any species interactions is static through time. 
C)  They do little to affect species distributions. 
D)  They cannot affect species abundance. 
A)  They can act as agents of natural selection. 
B)  The outcome of any species interactions is static through time. 
C)  They do little to affect species distributions. 
D)  They cannot affect species abundance.

Question 6

Looking at the results in the accompanying figure, which hypothesis (by Clements or Gleason) is supported by the data?
I. Clements
II. Gleason

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  both I and II 
D)  neither I nor II 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  both I and II 
D)  neither I nor II

Question 7

Which species interaction depends on prey density and effectiveness of prey defenses to determine the impact on the prey population?

Accepted Answer

A)  competition 
B)  consumption 
C)  mutualism 
D)  commensalism 
A)  competition 
B)  consumption 
C)  mutualism 
D)  commensalism

Question 8

Use the accompanying diagram of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the question(s) below.  
-Which island would likely have the lowest extinction rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 9

Species richness increases ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  as we increase in altitude in equatorial mountains 
B)  as we travel southward from the North Pole 
C)  on islands as distance from the mainland increases 
D)  as depth increases in aquatic communities 
E)  as community size decreases 
A)  as we increase in altitude in equatorial mountains 
B)  as we travel southward from the North Pole 
C)  on islands as distance from the mainland increases 
D)  as depth increases in aquatic communities 
E)  as community size decreases

Question 10

Which one of the following animals would most likely be defined as a keystone species?

Accepted Answer

A)  sea otter 
B)  housefly 
C)  fathead minnow 
D)  nauplii (a species of zooplankton) 
A)  sea otter 
B)  housefly 
C)  fathead minnow 
D)  nauplii (a species of zooplankton)

Question 11

-Which of the following statements regarding the figure shown is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immigration rates are higher on smaller islands. 
B)  Extinction rates are highest on large islands close to the mainland. 
C)  Species richness should be higher on larger islands close to the mainland. 
D)  Species diversity should be highest on larger islands away from the mainland. 
A)  Immigration rates are higher on smaller islands. 
B)  Extinction rates are highest on large islands close to the mainland. 
C)  Species richness should be higher on larger islands close to the mainland. 
D)  Species diversity should be highest on larger islands away from the mainland.

Question 12

The symbols +, −, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, − denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes where individuals are not affected by interacting. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned.
-What interactions exist between a lion pride and a hyena pack?

Accepted Answer

A)  +/+ 
B)  +/0 
C)  +/− 
D)  0/0 
E)  −/− 
A)  +/+ 
B)  +/0 
C)  +/− 
D)  0/0 
E)  −/−

Question 13

Use the accompanying diagram of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the question(s) below.  
-Which island would likely have the greatest species diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 14

During a one-year study, researchers found no difference in treehopper populations in any of their control and experimental groups. What could they measure during the second year to gain information about why this might have occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  Measure the number of ant females. 
B)  Measure the relative sizes of the treehoppers. 
C)  Measure the relative abundance of jumping spiders. 
D)  Measure the relative sizes of different ant species. 
A)  Measure the number of ant females. 
B)  Measure the relative sizes of the treehoppers. 
C)  Measure the relative abundance of jumping spiders. 
D)  Measure the relative sizes of different ant species.

Question 15

Which of the following are responsible for generating successional pathways?
I. species interactions
II. historical and environmental context
III. species traits

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  II and III only 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  II and III only 
E)  I, II, and III

Exam 52: Community Ecology

The competitive exclusion principle states that ________.

Refer to the accompanying art to answer the question below. According to the Shannon Diversity Index, which of the five blocks shown, with each containing 36 squares, would show the greatest diversity?

-In the accompanying figure, where do we find the highest species richness?

Use the accompanying diagram to answer the question(s) below. -Which of the following statements is a valid conclusion of this experiment?

Which of the following is TRUE of species interactions?

Looking at the results in the accompanying figure, which hypothesis (by Clements or Gleason) is supported by the data? I. Clements II. Gleason

Which species interaction depends on prey density and effectiveness of prey defenses to determine the impact on the prey population?

Use the accompanying diagram of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the question(s) below. -Which island would likely have the lowest extinction rate?

Species richness increases ________.

Which one of the following animals would most likely be defined as a keystone species?

-Which of the following statements regarding the figure shown is TRUE?

Use the accompanying diagram of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the question(s) below. -Which island would likely have the greatest species diversity?

During a one-year study, researchers found no difference in treehopper populations in any of their control and experimental groups. What could they measure during the second year to gain information about why this might have occurred?

Which of the following are responsible for generating successional pathways? I. species interactions II. historical and environmental context III. species traits

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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