Question 1

The ________ route is the fastest way for a drug to reach the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  oral 
B)  topical 
C)  intravenous 
D)  intramuscular 
E)  intraperitoneal 
A)  oral 
B)  topical 
C)  intravenous 
D)  intramuscular 
E)  intraperitoneal

Question 2

Activation of the ________ has been related to the control of REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  dorsolateral pons ACh system 
B)  hypothalamocortical ACh system 
C)  basal forebrain ACh system 
D)  medial septal ACh system 
E)  motor neuron ACh system 
A)  dorsolateral pons ACh system 
B)  hypothalamocortical ACh system 
C)  basal forebrain ACh system 
D)  medial septal ACh system 
E)  motor neuron ACh system

Question 3

The ________ is a measure of the safety of a drug.

Accepted Answer

A)  lethality score 
B)  dose-response curve 
C)  therapeutic index 
D)  pharmacokinetic profile 
E)  pharmacodynamic profile 
A)  lethality score 
B)  dose-response curve 
C)  therapeutic index 
D)  pharmacokinetic profile 
E)  pharmacodynamic profile

Question 4

Serotonin is synthesized from

Accepted Answer

A)  tyrosine. 
B)  tyramine. 
C)  tryptophan. 
D)  blood platelets. 
E)  glutamate. 
A)  tyrosine. 
B)  tyramine. 
C)  tryptophan. 
D)  blood platelets. 
E)  glutamate.

Question 5

A key characteristic of a drug, as defined in the text, is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  must be an endogenous chemical. 
B)  can include essential nutrients. 
C)  is effective only at high doses. 
D)  can be abused or misused by humans. 
E)  is an exogenous chemical. 
A)  must be an endogenous chemical. 
B)  can include essential nutrients. 
C)  is effective only at high doses. 
D)  can be abused or misused by humans. 
E)  is an exogenous chemical.

Question 6

________ is a drug that blocks or inhibits postsynaptic receptor effects.

Accepted Answer

A)  protagonist 
B)  ligand 
C)  synergist 
D)  antagonist 
E)  agonist 
A)  protagonist 
B)  ligand 
C)  synergist 
D)  antagonist 
E)  agonist

Question 7

Damage to the ________ dopaminergic system would be expected to impair movement.

Accepted Answer

A)  nigrostriatal 
B)  hypothalamocortical 
C)  mesocortical 
D)  mesolimbic 
E)  corticospinal 
A)  nigrostriatal 
B)  hypothalamocortical 
C)  mesocortical 
D)  mesolimbic 
E)  corticospinal

Question 8

Administering a molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a synaptic neurotransmitter would be expected to

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce the availability of that neurotransmitter. 
B)  increase the rate of synthesis and release of that neurotransmitter. 
C)  alter the number of postsynaptic receptors. 
D)  act as an antagonist at autoreceptors. 
E)  dampen the activity of the synapse. 
A)  reduce the availability of that neurotransmitter. 
B)  increase the rate of synthesis and release of that neurotransmitter. 
C)  alter the number of postsynaptic receptors. 
D)  act as an antagonist at autoreceptors. 
E)  dampen the activity of the synapse.

Question 9

Activation of a presynaptic autoreceptor on dendrites can produce a hyperpolarization that

Accepted Answer

A)  releases more transmitter. 
B)  increases synthesis of transmitter. 
C)  increases reuptake of the transmitter. 
D)  reduces transmitter release by reducing the axon firing rate. 
E)  increases the number of receptors at the synapse. 
A)  releases more transmitter. 
B)  increases synthesis of transmitter. 
C)  increases reuptake of the transmitter. 
D)  reduces transmitter release by reducing the axon firing rate. 
E)  increases the number of receptors at the synapse.

Question 10

The unique aspect of norepinephrine (NE) release is that

Accepted Answer

A)  axonal varicosities release NE. 
B)  NE release does not require the entry of calcium ions. 
C)  black widow spider venom can block NE release. 
D)  amphetamine does not modify NE release. 
E)  NE can be released from glial cells. 
A)  axonal varicosities release NE. 
B)  NE release does not require the entry of calcium ions. 
C)  black widow spider venom can block NE release. 
D)  amphetamine does not modify NE release. 
E)  NE can be released from glial cells.

Question 11

A drug that causes the transporters for dopamine to run in reverse would

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the synthesis of dopamine. 
B)  increase the reuptake of dopamine. 
C)  antagonize the postsynaptic receptors for dopamine. 
D)  spill dopamine into the synaptic cleft. 
E)  more rapidly clear dopamine out of the synaptic cleft. 
A)  increase the synthesis of dopamine. 
B)  increase the reuptake of dopamine. 
C)  antagonize the postsynaptic receptors for dopamine. 
D)  spill dopamine into the synaptic cleft. 
E)  more rapidly clear dopamine out of the synaptic cleft.

Question 12

________ refers to a reduced behavioral effect of a drug with repeated administration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ refers to a reduced behavioral effect...

Question 13

A drug that blocks a presynaptic autoreceptor most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  will induce the presynaptic cell to refire. 
B)  alters the uptake of the neurotransmitter into the axon terminal. 
C)  blocks the opening of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  increases the release of the neurotransmitter from the axon terminal. 
E)  would be expected to act as an antagonist for this synapse. 
A)  will induce the presynaptic cell to refire. 
B)  alters the uptake of the neurotransmitter into the axon terminal. 
C)  blocks the opening of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  increases the release of the neurotransmitter from the axon terminal. 
E)  would be expected to act as an antagonist for this synapse.

Question 14

Differences in effectiveness between two drugs that share the same site of action would be expected to result from their different

Accepted Answer

A)  adverse effects. 
B)  sensitization profiles. 
C)  dynamic capacities. 
D)  affinities for the site of action. 
E)  binding capacities within blood. 
A)  adverse effects. 
B)  sensitization profiles. 
C)  dynamic capacities. 
D)  affinities for the site of action. 
E)  binding capacities within blood.

Question 15

3- Explain how nitric oxide alters the activity of adjacent neurons in the brain.

Accepted Answer

Nitric oxide is produced in ne

Question 16

Low doses of the drug apomorphine

Accepted Answer

A)  are toxic in the same way as is curare. 
B)  increase synthesis of epinephrine. 
C)  reduce sensitivity to pain. 
D)  stimulate nicotinic receptors as well as D1 receptors. 
E)  inhibit the synthesis and release of dopamine. 
A)  are toxic in the same way as is curare. 
B)  increase synthesis of epinephrine. 
C)  reduce sensitivity to pain. 
D)  stimulate nicotinic receptors as well as D1 receptors. 
E)  inhibit the synthesis and release of dopamine.

Question 17

The GABAA receptor is ________ and controls a ________ channel.

Accepted Answer

A)  ionotropic; chloride 
B)  ionotropic; potassium 
C)  metabotropic; chloride 
D)  metabotropic; potassium 
E)  ionotropic; sodium 
A)  ionotropic; chloride 
B)  ionotropic; potassium 
C)  metabotropic; chloride 
D)  metabotropic; potassium 
E)  ionotropic; sodium

Question 18

Match up the cholinergic fiber system with the correct role of that system in the control of behavior:

Accepted Answer

A)  Most CNS circuits that use ACh are inhibitory for learning. 
B)  Cholinergic neurons in the dorsolateral pons are involved in the control of the electrical rhythms of the hippocampus. 
C)  Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum are involved in the control of the electrical rhythms of the hippocampus. 
D)  Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are involved in the control of REM sleep. 
E)  Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum facilitate learning. 
A)  Most CNS circuits that use ACh are inhibitory for learning. 
B)  Cholinergic neurons in the dorsolateral pons are involved in the control of the electrical rhythms of the hippocampus. 
C)  Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum are involved in the control of the electrical rhythms of the hippocampus. 
D)  Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are involved in the control of REM sleep. 
E)  Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum facilitate learning.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of dopamine receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dopamine receptors are metabotropic. 
B)  All dopamine receptors are ionotropic. 
C)  D1 receptors are located on the presynaptic membrane. 
D)  D2 receptors are only found on postsynaptic membranes. 
E)  Cyclic AMP is increased by activation of D1 as well as D2 receptors. 
A)  Dopamine receptors are metabotropic. 
B)  All dopamine receptors are ionotropic. 
C)  D1 receptors are located on the presynaptic membrane. 
D)  D2 receptors are only found on postsynaptic membranes. 
E)  Cyclic AMP is increased by activation of D1 as well as D2 receptors.

Question 20

Which of the following is characteristic of glycine?

Accepted Answer

A)  The glycine receptor controls a sodium channel. 
B)  Lockjaw (tetanus) is produced by an excess amount of glycine. 
C)  Glycine is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system. 
D)  The toxicity of strychnine results from its activation of glycine receptors. 
E)  The glycine receptor is ionotropic. 
A)  The glycine receptor controls a sodium channel. 
B)  Lockjaw (tetanus) is produced by an excess amount of glycine. 
C)  Glycine is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system. 
D)  The toxicity of strychnine results from its activation of glycine receptors. 
E)  The glycine receptor is ionotropic.

The ________ route is the fastest way for a drug to reach the brain.

Activation of the ________ has been related to the control of REM sleep.

The ________ is a measure of the safety of a drug.

Serotonin is synthesized from

A key characteristic of a drug, as defined in the text, is that it

________ is a drug that blocks or inhibits postsynaptic receptor effects.

Damage to the ________ dopaminergic system would be expected to impair movement.

Administering a molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a synaptic neurotransmitter would be expected to

Activation of a presynaptic autoreceptor on dendrites can produce a hyperpolarization that

The unique aspect of norepinephrine (NE) release is that

A drug that causes the transporters for dopamine to run in reverse would

________ refers to a reduced behavioral effect of a drug with repeated administration.

A drug that blocks a presynaptic autoreceptor most likely

Differences in effectiveness between two drugs that share the same site of action would be expected to result from their different

3- Explain how nitric oxide alters the activity of adjacent neurons in the brain.

Low doses of the drug apomorphine

The GABAA receptor is and controls a channel.

Match up the cholinergic fiber system with the correct role of that system in the control of behavior:

Which of the following is true of dopamine receptors?

Which of the following is characteristic of glycine?

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Exam 4: Psychopharmacology

The ________ route is the fastest way for a drug to reach the brain.

Activation of the ________ has been related to the control of REM sleep.

The ________ is a measure of the safety of a drug.

Serotonin is synthesized from

A key characteristic of a drug, as defined in the text, is that it

________ is a drug that blocks or inhibits postsynaptic receptor effects.

Damage to the ________ dopaminergic system would be expected to impair movement.

Administering a molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a synaptic neurotransmitter would be expected to

Activation of a presynaptic autoreceptor on dendrites can produce a hyperpolarization that

The unique aspect of norepinephrine (NE) release is that

A drug that causes the transporters for dopamine to run in reverse would

________ refers to a reduced behavioral effect of a drug with repeated administration.

A drug that blocks a presynaptic autoreceptor most likely

Differences in effectiveness between two drugs that share the same site of action would be expected to result from their different

3- Explain how nitric oxide alters the activity of adjacent neurons in the brain.

Low doses of the drug apomorphine

The GABAA receptor is ________ and controls a ________ channel.

Match up the cholinergic fiber system with the correct role of that system in the control of behavior:

Which of the following is true of dopamine receptors?

Which of the following is characteristic of glycine?

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

The GABAA receptor is and controls a channel.