Question 1

Most of the serotonin neurons in the brain are located within the

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus accumbens. 
B)  reticular formation. 
C)  raphe nuclei. 
D)  striatum. 
E)  locus coeruleus. 
A)  nucleus accumbens. 
B)  reticular formation. 
C)  raphe nuclei. 
D)  striatum. 
E)  locus coeruleus. C

Question 2

Compare and contrast the neural systems and relevant transmitters that control slow-wave sleep.

Accepted Answer

Slow-wave sleep is produced by activity of neurons within the ventrolateral preoptic
area (vlPOA) that act by inhibition of neural systems that promote wakefulness. The vlPOA secretes GABA, which in turn inhibits transmitter systems that are key to arousal and wakefulness. These include norepinephrine within the locus coeruleus, histamine in the tuberomammillary nucleus, and serotonin within the raphe nuclei. Adenosine may promote sleep by GABA-mediated inactivation of acetylcholine neurons that promote arousal. Orexin (hypocretin) neurons promote wakefulness.

Question 3

Prolonged sleep deprivation in humans results in

Accepted Answer

A)  impaired ability to perform physical labor. 
B)  psychosis. 
C)  some perceptual distortions. 
D)  subsequent rebound recovery of lost slow-wave sleep. 
E)  a mild form of bipolar disorder. 
A)  impaired ability to perform physical labor. 
B)  psychosis. 
C)  some perceptual distortions. 
D)  subsequent rebound recovery of lost slow-wave sleep. 
E)  a mild form of bipolar disorder. C

Question 4

The disorder known as ________ shares common attributes (symptoms as well as treatments) with those of narcolepsy.

Accepted Answer

A)  anxiety disorder 
B)  obsessive-compulsive disorder 
C)  mania 
D)  panic attack 
E)  depression 
A)  anxiety disorder 
B)  obsessive-compulsive disorder 
C)  mania 
D)  panic attack 
E)  depression

Question 5

________ refers to the vivid dreams that may occur during sleep paralysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Apnea 
B)  Hypnagogic hallucination 
C)  Cataplexy 
D)  Night terror 
E)  Somnambulism 
A)  Apnea 
B)  Hypnagogic hallucination 
C)  Cataplexy 
D)  Night terror 
E)  Somnambulism

Question 6

The observation that a person's brain shows beta wave activity is not a reliable indicator of being awake because

Accepted Answer

A)  this pattern is seen in children but not adults. 
B)  this brain wave pattern also appears during sleep. 
C)  this wave form waxes and wanes during the day. 
D)  it can be induced by certain drugs such as alcohol. 
E)  drugs can elicit this brain wave pattern. 
A)  this pattern is seen in children but not adults. 
B)  this brain wave pattern also appears during sleep. 
C)  this wave form waxes and wanes during the day. 
D)  it can be induced by certain drugs such as alcohol. 
E)  drugs can elicit this brain wave pattern.

Question 7

The notion that REM sleep functions to promote brain development is supported by the finding that

Accepted Answer

A)  newborn infants spend 70% of their sleep time in slow-wave sleep. 
B)  active phases of brain development are associated with low levels of REM sleep. 
C)  REM sleep increases in college students during exam time. 
D)  the elderly spend 85% of their sleep time in REM. 
E)  infants with well-developed brains spend proportionally less time in REM sleep than infants with poorly developed brains. 
A)  newborn infants spend 70% of their sleep time in slow-wave sleep. 
B)  active phases of brain development are associated with low levels of REM sleep. 
C)  REM sleep increases in college students during exam time. 
D)  the elderly spend 85% of their sleep time in REM. 
E)  infants with well-developed brains spend proportionally less time in REM sleep than infants with poorly developed brains.

Question 8

Persons suffering from fatal familial insomnia resemble sleep-deprived rats in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  weight gain. 
B)  weight loss. 
C)  relaxation 
D)  mood disorder. 
E)  night-time overeating. 
A)  weight gain. 
B)  weight loss. 
C)  relaxation 
D)  mood disorder. 
E)  night-time overeating.

Question 9

3- Compare the characteristics of non-REM sleep with that of REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

Non-REM consists of four stages: stage 1

Question 10

The primary function of slow-wave sleep is to

Accepted Answer

A)  clear brain waste products produced by REM sleep. 
B)  promote dreaming. 
C)  rest the brain. 
D)  promote brain development. 
E)  facilitate learning. 
A)  clear brain waste products produced by REM sleep. 
B)  promote dreaming. 
C)  rest the brain. 
D)  promote brain development. 
E)  facilitate learning.

Question 11

Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  blocked airways. 
B)  obesity and diabetes. 
C)  psychosis. 
D)  mood disorder. 
E)  bipolar disorder. 
A)  blocked airways. 
B)  obesity and diabetes. 
C)  psychosis. 
D)  mood disorder. 
E)  bipolar disorder.

Question 12

A person who exhibits sudden paralysis but remains conscious may be suffering from an episode of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person who exhibits sudden paralysis but...

Question 13

The various stages of sleep are easily distinguished by

Accepted Answer

A)  visible changes in respiration. 
B)  changes in motor movements involving speech.. 
C)  changes in the electrical activity of the brain. 
D)  changes in consciousness. 
E)  the quality and quantity of dreams. 
A)  visible changes in respiration. 
B)  changes in motor movements involving speech.. 
C)  changes in the electrical activity of the brain. 
D)  changes in consciousness. 
E)  the quality and quantity of dreams.

Question 14

A key source of noradrenergic neurons in the brain is the

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus accumbens. 
B)  hippocampus. 
C)  raphe nuclei. 
D)  striatum. 
E)  locus coeruleus. 
A)  nucleus accumbens. 
B)  hippocampus. 
C)  raphe nuclei. 
D)  striatum. 
E)  locus coeruleus.

Question 15

The increased arousal and sleeplessness produced by amphetamine is related to the release of

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  serotonin. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  dopamine. 
E)  GABA. 
A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  serotonin. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  dopamine. 
E)  GABA.

Question 16

The metabolism of glycogen within astrocytes produces ________, which in turn promotes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  adenosine; wakefulness 
B)  GABA; REM sleep 
C)  adenosine; slow-wave sleep 
D)  a benzodiazepine ligand; slow-wave sleep 
E)  GABA; slow-wave sleep 
A)  adenosine; wakefulness 
B)  GABA; REM sleep 
C)  adenosine; slow-wave sleep 
D)  a benzodiazepine ligand; slow-wave sleep 
E)  GABA; slow-wave sleep

Question 17

Explain the process by which light acts on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to control the circadian rhythm.

Accepted Answer

Pulses of light induce FOS activity with

Question 18

An effective treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder is the administration of

Accepted Answer

A)  antidepressant drugs. 
B)  the drug clonazepam. 
C)  drugs that block serotonin receptors. 
D)  drugs that facilitate both serotonin and catecholamine activity. 
E)  drugs that block hypocretin 2 receptors. 
A)  antidepressant drugs. 
B)  the drug clonazepam. 
C)  drugs that block serotonin receptors. 
D)  drugs that facilitate both serotonin and catecholamine activity. 
E)  drugs that block hypocretin 2 receptors.

Question 19

The sleep pattern of the dolphin is unique in that

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-wave sleep is absent from its sleep pattern. 
B)  sleep and waking occur independently in the two hemispheres. 
C)  no eye movements occur in the dolphin during sleep. 
D)  blindness has eliminated the need of the dolphin for sleep. 
E)  this animal does not exhibit slow-wave sleep. 
A)  slow-wave sleep is absent from its sleep pattern. 
B)  sleep and waking occur independently in the two hemispheres. 
C)  no eye movements occur in the dolphin during sleep. 
D)  blindness has eliminated the need of the dolphin for sleep. 
E)  this animal does not exhibit slow-wave sleep.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of sleeping medications?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleeping pills can lead to daytime hangovers. 
B)  Sleeping pills directly alter the cause of insomnia. 
C)  Insomnia is a disease that can be treated by a pill. 
D)  Unlike other drugs, persistent use of sleeping pills does not lead to tolerance. 
E)  Sleeping pills are more effective when combined with alcohol. 
A)  Sleeping pills can lead to daytime hangovers. 
B)  Sleeping pills directly alter the cause of insomnia. 
C)  Insomnia is a disease that can be treated by a pill. 
D)  Unlike other drugs, persistent use of sleeping pills does not lead to tolerance. 
E)  Sleeping pills are more effective when combined with alcohol.

Most of the serotonin neurons in the brain are located within the

Compare and contrast the neural systems and relevant transmitters that control slow-wave sleep.

Prolonged sleep deprivation in humans results in

The disorder known as ________ shares common attributes (symptoms as well as treatments) with those of narcolepsy.

________ refers to the vivid dreams that may occur during sleep paralysis.

The observation that a person's brain shows beta wave activity is not a reliable indicator of being awake because

The notion that REM sleep functions to promote brain development is supported by the finding that

Persons suffering from fatal familial insomnia resemble sleep-deprived rats in terms of

3- Compare the characteristics of non-REM sleep with that of REM sleep.

The primary function of slow-wave sleep is to

Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to

A person who exhibits sudden paralysis but remains conscious may be suffering from an episode of ________.

The various stages of sleep are easily distinguished by

A key source of noradrenergic neurons in the brain is the

The increased arousal and sleeplessness produced by amphetamine is related to the release of

The metabolism of glycogen within astrocytes produces , which in turn promotes .

Explain the process by which light acts on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to control the circadian rhythm.

An effective treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder is the administration of

The sleep pattern of the dolphin is unique in that

Which of the following is true of sleeping medications?

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Exam 9: Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Most of the serotonin neurons in the brain are located within the

Compare and contrast the neural systems and relevant transmitters that control slow-wave sleep.

Prolonged sleep deprivation in humans results in

The disorder known as ________ shares common attributes (symptoms as well as treatments) with those of narcolepsy.

________ refers to the vivid dreams that may occur during sleep paralysis.

The observation that a person's brain shows beta wave activity is not a reliable indicator of being awake because

The notion that REM sleep functions to promote brain development is supported by the finding that

Persons suffering from fatal familial insomnia resemble sleep-deprived rats in terms of

3- Compare the characteristics of non-REM sleep with that of REM sleep.

The primary function of slow-wave sleep is to

Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to

A person who exhibits sudden paralysis but remains conscious may be suffering from an episode of ________.

The various stages of sleep are easily distinguished by

A key source of noradrenergic neurons in the brain is the

The increased arousal and sleeplessness produced by amphetamine is related to the release of

The metabolism of glycogen within astrocytes produces ________, which in turn promotes ________.

Explain the process by which light acts on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to control the circadian rhythm.

An effective treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder is the administration of

The sleep pattern of the dolphin is unique in that

Which of the following is true of sleeping medications?

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

The metabolism of glycogen within astrocytes produces , which in turn promotes .