Question 1

Adenosine receptors are blocked by ________, which in turn promotes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ethanol; euphoria 
B)  caffeine; wakefulness 
C)  nicotine; sleepiness 
D)  caffeine; sleepiness 
E)  glutamate; learning and memory 
A)  ethanol; euphoria 
B)  caffeine; wakefulness 
C)  nicotine; sleepiness 
D)  caffeine; sleepiness 
E)  glutamate; learning and memory

Question 2

________ during REM sleep may be controlled by projections from the dorsal pons to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle paralysis; thalamic relay nuclei 
B)  Eye movements; cingulate cortex 
C)  Cortical arousal; lateral geniculate 
D)  Muscle paralysis; basal forebrain 
E)  Eye movements; tectum 
A)  Muscle paralysis; thalamic relay nuclei 
B)  Eye movements; cingulate cortex 
C)  Cortical arousal; lateral geniculate 
D)  Muscle paralysis; basal forebrain 
E)  Eye movements; tectum

Question 3

In the narcolepsy example given in the text, the dog developed cataplexy while

Accepted Answer

A)  playing with a toy ball. 
B)  sniffing food. 
C)  drinking. 
D)  engaging in reproductive behavior. 
E)  trying to escape from the lab. 
A)  playing with a toy ball. 
B)  sniffing food. 
C)  drinking. 
D)  engaging in reproductive behavior. 
E)  trying to escape from the lab.

Question 4

The "on" portion of the flip-flop mechanism for REM sleep is located within the

Accepted Answer

A)  dorsal pons. 
B)  occipital cortex. 
C)  suprachiasmatic nucleus. 
D)  globus pallidus. 
E)  preoptic area. 
A)  dorsal pons. 
B)  occipital cortex. 
C)  suprachiasmatic nucleus. 
D)  globus pallidus. 
E)  preoptic area.

Question 5

A single cycle of non-REM and REM sleep lasts about

Accepted Answer

A)  10 minutes. 
B)  30-40 minutes. 
C)  90 minutes. 
D)  360 minutes. 
E)  8 hours. 
A)  10 minutes. 
B)  30-40 minutes. 
C)  90 minutes. 
D)  360 minutes. 
E)  8 hours.

Question 6

Enforced bed rest for 6 weeks resulted in ________ in healthy subjects.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased slow-wave sleep 
B)  decreased REM sleep 
C)  no change in sleep patterns 
D)  a significant reduction in total sleep time 
E)  signs of REM-sleep behavior disorder 
A)  decreased slow-wave sleep 
B)  decreased REM sleep 
C)  no change in sleep patterns 
D)  a significant reduction in total sleep time 
E)  signs of REM-sleep behavior disorder

Question 7

________ involves a difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ involves a difficulty in getting to...

Question 8

During REM sleep, there is a high level of activity within the

Accepted Answer

A)  visual association cortex. 
B)  prefrontal cortex. 
C)  hippocampus. 
D)  amygdala. 
E)  temporal cortex. 
A)  visual association cortex. 
B)  prefrontal cortex. 
C)  hippocampus. 
D)  amygdala. 
E)  temporal cortex.

Question 9

A common treatment for sleep apnea is

Accepted Answer

A)  surgical modification of the throat airways. 
B)  the administration of sleeping medication. 
C)  maintaining the person in bright light for 20 hours per day. 
D)  the administration of L-DOPA. 
E)  electroconvulsive shock therapy. 
A)  surgical modification of the throat airways. 
B)  the administration of sleeping medication. 
C)  maintaining the person in bright light for 20 hours per day. 
D)  the administration of L-DOPA. 
E)  electroconvulsive shock therapy.

Question 10

A full day of tourist activities at an amusement park would be expected to

Accepted Answer

A)  produce insomnia. 
B)  reduce the amplitude of delta activity in the frontal lobes. 
C)  increase the amount of time spent that night in slow-wave sleep. 
D)  increase the need for REM sleep. 
E)  increase the amount of time spent dreaming. 
A)  produce insomnia. 
B)  reduce the amplitude of delta activity in the frontal lobes. 
C)  increase the amount of time spent that night in slow-wave sleep. 
D)  increase the need for REM sleep. 
E)  increase the amount of time spent dreaming.

Question 11

Wakefulness is promoted by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  histamine antagonist. 
B)  norepinephrine antagonist. 
C)  acetylcholine antagonist. 
D)  histamine agonist. 
E)  glycine agonist. 
A)  histamine antagonist. 
B)  norepinephrine antagonist. 
C)  acetylcholine antagonist. 
D)  histamine agonist. 
E)  glycine agonist.

Question 12

Damage to the rat ________ would be expected to disrupt circadian rhythms related to

Accepted Answer

A)  vlPOA 
B)  nucleus accumbens 
C)  thalamus 
D)  SCN 
E)  hippocampus 
A)  vlPOA 
B)  nucleus accumbens 
C)  thalamus 
D)  SCN 
E)  hippocampus

Question 13

A common cause that elicits an episode of cataplexy is

Accepted Answer

A)  abuse of amphetamines. 
B)  staying awake for long periods of time. 
C)  the presence of high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
D)  damage to neurons that initiate REM sleep. 
E)  strong emotions or physical exertion. 
A)  abuse of amphetamines. 
B)  staying awake for long periods of time. 
C)  the presence of high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
D)  damage to neurons that initiate REM sleep. 
E)  strong emotions or physical exertion.

Question 14

The notion that sleep or wakefulness is produced by a substance that circulates within the blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  proven by studies of the dolphin sleep cycle. 
B)  unlikely given that the cerebral hemispheres of a dolphin sleep at different times. 
C)  unlikely because REM and slow-wave sleep appear to involve independent mechanisms. 
D)  proven by the observation that naps reduce sleep time the following night. 
E)  unlikely given that blood chemistry does not change within the brain. 
A)  proven by studies of the dolphin sleep cycle. 
B)  unlikely given that the cerebral hemispheres of a dolphin sleep at different times. 
C)  unlikely because REM and slow-wave sleep appear to involve independent mechanisms. 
D)  proven by the observation that naps reduce sleep time the following night. 
E)  unlikely given that blood chemistry does not change within the brain.

Question 15

Evaluate the hypothesis that slow-wave sleep is required to rest the brain. Your answer should include the effects of sleep deprivation and of physical and mental activity on slow-wave sleep.

Accepted Answer

All vertebrates sleep, and sleep depriva

Question 16

Nightmares that are particularly terrifying occur during ________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 of slow-wave 
B)  high-frequency 
C)  stage 4 of slow-wave 
D)  paradoxical 
E)  REM 
A)  stage 1 of slow-wave 
B)  high-frequency 
C)  stage 4 of slow-wave 
D)  paradoxical 
E)  REM

Question 17

________ will occur soon after the appearance of rapid eye movements in the sleep record.

Accepted Answer

A)  Paradoxical sleep 
B)  Slow-wave sleep 
C)  Slow breathing 
D)  Motor movements 
E)  Gastric distress 
A)  Paradoxical sleep 
B)  Slow-wave sleep 
C)  Slow breathing 
D)  Motor movements 
E)  Gastric distress

Question 18

The firing rates of noradrenergic cells within the locus coeruleus

Accepted Answer

A)  are suppressed by sleeping pills. 
B)  decrease during sleep and increase at awakening. 
C)  are unrelated to behavioral arousal. 
D)  in turn alter EEG cortical arousal. 
E)  are highest during REM sleep. 
A)  are suppressed by sleeping pills. 
B)  decrease during sleep and increase at awakening. 
C)  are unrelated to behavioral arousal. 
D)  in turn alter EEG cortical arousal. 
E)  are highest during REM sleep.

Question 19

A key aspect of slow-wave sleep is the presence of ________ Hz oscillations comprised of a down state followed by an up state.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0 
B)  2.0 
C)  7 
D)  12 
E)  30 
A)  1.0 
B)  2.0 
C)  7 
D)  12 
E)  30

Question 20

A genetic mutation of the hypocretin gene in mice results in

Accepted Answer

A)  intrusion of slow-wave sleep during the awake period. 
B)  symptoms of narcolepsy. 
C)  undereating and weight loss. 
D)  prolonged sleeping. 
E)  overeating. 
A)  intrusion of slow-wave sleep during the awake period. 
B)  symptoms of narcolepsy. 
C)  undereating and weight loss. 
D)  prolonged sleeping. 
E)  overeating.

Adenosine receptors are blocked by , which in turn promotes .

during REM sleep may be controlled by projections from the dorsal pons to the .

In the narcolepsy example given in the text, the dog developed cataplexy while

The "on" portion of the flip-flop mechanism for REM sleep is located within the

A single cycle of non-REM and REM sleep lasts about

Enforced bed rest for 6 weeks resulted in ________ in healthy subjects.

________ involves a difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep.

During REM sleep, there is a high level of activity within the

A common treatment for sleep apnea is

A full day of tourist activities at an amusement park would be expected to

Wakefulness is promoted by a(n)

Damage to the rat ________ would be expected to disrupt circadian rhythms related to

A common cause that elicits an episode of cataplexy is

The notion that sleep or wakefulness is produced by a substance that circulates within the blood is

Evaluate the hypothesis that slow-wave sleep is required to rest the brain. Your answer should include the effects of sleep deprivation and of physical and mental activity on slow-wave sleep.

Nightmares that are particularly terrifying occur during ________ sleep.

________ will occur soon after the appearance of rapid eye movements in the sleep record.

The firing rates of noradrenergic cells within the locus coeruleus

A key aspect of slow-wave sleep is the presence of ________ Hz oscillations comprised of a down state followed by an up state.

A genetic mutation of the hypocretin gene in mice results in

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Exam 9: Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Adenosine receptors are blocked by ________, which in turn promotes ________.

________ during REM sleep may be controlled by projections from the dorsal pons to the ________.

In the narcolepsy example given in the text, the dog developed cataplexy while

The "on" portion of the flip-flop mechanism for REM sleep is located within the

A single cycle of non-REM and REM sleep lasts about

Enforced bed rest for 6 weeks resulted in ________ in healthy subjects.

________ involves a difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep.

During REM sleep, there is a high level of activity within the

A common treatment for sleep apnea is

A full day of tourist activities at an amusement park would be expected to

Wakefulness is promoted by a(n)

Damage to the rat ________ would be expected to disrupt circadian rhythms related to

A common cause that elicits an episode of cataplexy is

The notion that sleep or wakefulness is produced by a substance that circulates within the blood is

Evaluate the hypothesis that slow-wave sleep is required to rest the brain. Your answer should include the effects of sleep deprivation and of physical and mental activity on slow-wave sleep.

Nightmares that are particularly terrifying occur during ________ sleep.

________ will occur soon after the appearance of rapid eye movements in the sleep record.

The firing rates of noradrenergic cells within the locus coeruleus

A key aspect of slow-wave sleep is the presence of ________ Hz oscillations comprised of a down state followed by an up state.

A genetic mutation of the hypocretin gene in mice results in

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Adenosine receptors are blocked by , which in turn promotes .

during REM sleep may be controlled by projections from the dorsal pons to the .